Chapter 12, Problem 96A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{3-}}$ ion is to be named.

Concept Introduction: An anion is an ion that has a negative charge, in contrast to a cation, which is an ion that has a positive charge. They are attracted to one another and may easily combine to form ionic compounds.

Answer to Problem 96A

The name of ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{3-}}$ ion is phosphate ion.

Explanation of Solution

  ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{3-}}$ ion is a salt formed from phosphoric acid, which is a weak acid. The ionic molecule phosphate salts are formed when a positively charged ion bonds to the negatively charged oxygen atoms. ${\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{3-}}$ ion is known as a phosphate ion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: ${\text{Al}}^{3+}$ ion is to be named.

Concept Introduction: An anion is an ion that has a negative charge, in contrast to a cation, which is an ion that has a positive charge. They are attracted to one another and may easily combine to form ionic compounds.

Answer to Problem 96A

The name of ${\text{Al}}^{3+}$ ion is an aluminum ion.

Explanation of Solution

Aluminum has an oxidation number of $+3$ . Pure aluminum is slowly oxidized in air, forming a coating of ${\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}$ oxide that shields the underlying metal from corrosion. In non-oxidizing acids, it dissolves to generate a hydrated ${\text{Al}}^{3+}$ ion. ${\text{Al}}^{3+}$ ion is known as an aluminum ion.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: ${\text{Se}}^{2-}$ ion is to be named.

Concept Introduction: An anion is an ion that has a negative charge, in contrast to a cation, which is an ion that has a positive charge. They are attracted to one another and may easily combine to form ionic compounds.

Answer to Problem 96A

The name of ${\text{Se}}^{2-}$ ion is selenide ion.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical compound selenium comprises a selenium anion with an oxidation number of $-2$ . Selenium ion predominates only under the most basic conditions. ${\text{Se}}^{2-}$ ion is called the selenide ion.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{+}$ ion is to be named.

Concept Introduction: An anion is an ion that has a negative charge, in contrast to a cation, which is an ion that has a positive charge. They are attracted to one another and may easily combine to form ionic compounds.

Answer to Problem 96A

The name of ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{+}$ ion is ammonium ion.

Explanation of Solution

Ammonia protonation produces ammonium cation, a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{+}$ . ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{+}$ ion is called an ammonium ion.