Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 2P
Methanol is highly toxic, not because of its own biological activity but because it is converted
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Alcohol dehydrogenase is the enzyme that converts alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Explain how methanol poisoning can be treated with ethanol.
Another antidote for methanol poisoning is fomepizole, which is an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor. Would fomepizole be more or less effective than ethanol? Explain your reasoning.
Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of an alcohol to the next highest state of oxidation, an aldehyde. How does this partially explain the toxicity of methanol?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
Ch. 12 - Prob. 1PCh. 12 - Methanol is highly toxic, not because of its own...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3PCh. 12 - Prob. 4PCh. 12 - Prob. 5PCh. 12 - Write balanced chemical equations for each of the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7PCh. 12 - Prob. 8PCh. 12 - Prob. 9PCh. 12 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 12 - Some anaerobic bacteria use alternative pathways...Ch. 12 - Write a pathway leading from glucose to lactose in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13PCh. 12 - Prob. 14PCh. 12 - Prob. 15PCh. 12 - How many ATP equivalents are consumed in the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17PCh. 12 - Avidin is a protein that binds extremely tightly...Ch. 12 - 14CO2 was bubbled through a suspension of liver...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20PCh. 12 - Prob. 21PCh. 12 - Prob. 22PCh. 12 - Prob. 23PCh. 12 - 24. Glycogen synthesis and breakdown are regulated...Ch. 12 - Prob. 25PCh. 12 - Prob. 26PCh. 12 - Prob. 27PCh. 12 - Prob. 28PCh. 12 - 29 [1-14C] Ribose-5-phosphate is incubated with a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30PCh. 12 - Prob. 31PCh. 12 - Prob. 32PCh. 12 - Prob. 33P
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- Interestingly, the most common treatment for methanol poisoning is to use ethanol as an antidote. Why would adding large amounts of ethanol help slow down the rate of formic acid production by aldehyde dehydrogenase?arrow_forwardEthylene glycol (HO−CH2−CH2−OH) is a major component of antifreeze. In the body, it is first converted to HOOC−CHO (oxoethanoic acid) and then to HOOC−COOH (oxalic acid), which is toxic. What class of enzyme catalyzes both of the reactions of ethylene glycol? The treatment for the ingestion of ethylene glycol is an intravenous solution of ethanol. How might this help prevent toxic levels of oxalic acid in the body?arrow_forwardtrue or false FADH is formed in the oxidation of the hydroxyl group by the oxidizing agent - the disulfide group of lipoic acidarrow_forward
- Mercuric ion and methanol are inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase. Explain.arrow_forwardThis is a depiction of the connection between the urea cycle, the malate-aspartate shuttle, and the citric acid cycle. In this depiction, blank boxes with numbers are hiding the name of a metabolite. Using the list below the pathway name the missing metabolites. Hint: Start by identifying #1, #6, and #7 and work from there.arrow_forwardEthylene glycol (HO—CH2—CH2—OH) is frequently used as antifreeze in automobile engines. Every year children and pets are poisoned because they tasted this sweet-tasting material. Ethylene glycol is metabolized in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase. Suggest a possible medical treatment for ethylene glycol intoxication.arrow_forward
- Panthothenic acid is involved in the metabolic pathways as coenzyme:arrow_forwardInfants do not have the ability to metabolize ethanol and are assumed to lack the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase? What kind of regulation is this?arrow_forwardAlcohol dehydrogenase, found in liver cells, converts ethanol into cetaldehyde. What type of protein is alcohol dehydrogenase?arrow_forward
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