Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 19BS
From 1977 to 2000, 12 convicts were executed in Illinois. During that same period, 13 death row inmates were exonerated based on DNA evidence. In 2000, the governor of Illinois declared a moratorium on all executions in his state because the death penalty system was “fraught with errors.” Do you support the Illinois governor’s decision? What rights should death penalty inmates have with regard to DNA testing of old evidence? Who should pay for this additional testing?
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Can you please check my answer and make sure it is correct.
Question: How can DNA evidence be used to convict or exonerate a defendant? Why is DNA evidence so powerful?
Answer:
DNA evidence can be used to perform DNA profiling to determine the genotype of the specific DNA sample. With just a small amount of DNA, PCR can produce billions of copies of that specific segment. The segments that are used are from non-coding regions that contain STR’s or short tandem repeats. These very short DNA sequences are repeated and are specific to individuals because we inherit them from our mother and father. Gel electrophoresis separates the PCR products based on their size and each band is compared to the allele ladder. This process helps to identify the alleles present in the original samples. DNA profiling is performed at many loci to be able to tell the genetic difference between different individuals with a lot of certainty. The DNA from the different suspects is compared to the allele…
The following shows the results of DNA profiling from a rape case. The evidence sample (S) consists of a mixture of DNA from the victim (V) and the DNA of the rapist(s). DNA is taken from four likely suspects (who were present at the same party as the victim on the night of the crime), Alan (A), Brad (B), Charle (C), and Don (D). The results of typing for two different polymorphic loci are shown.
1)Which person is homozygous for locus 1?
A. Alan
B. Brad
C. Charlie
D. Don
E. Victim
Brenda is a junior student in the biomedical program at her school. She is starting the PCR genetic testing lab activity. She is about to obtain her DNA sample but doesn’t want like the taste of NaCl solution. Her friend, Mark, let her use some of his DNA. What laboratory tule did the students break?
A. Obtaining and handling DNA sample without wearing googles or gloves
B. Improper use of human DNA samples
C. Violating Patient Confidentiality
D. Disposing of bio hazardous material in a regular trash
Chapter 12 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 12 - Suppose you wish to create a large batch of the...Ch. 12 - A carrier that moves DNA from one cell to another,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3SQCh. 12 - A paleontologist has recovered a bit of organic...Ch. 12 - Why do DNA fragments containing STR sites from...Ch. 12 - What feature of a DNA fragment causes it to move...Ch. 12 - After a gel electrophoresis procedure is run, the...Ch. 12 - Name the steps of the whole-genome shotgun method.Ch. 12 - Put the following steps of human gene therapy in...Ch. 12 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...
Ch. 12 - Prob. 11IMTCh. 12 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 12 - Some scientists once joked that when the DNA...Ch. 12 - Interpreting Data When comparing genomes from...Ch. 12 - Listed below are 4 of the 13 genome sites used to...Ch. 12 - In the not-too-distant future, gene therapy may be...Ch. 12 - Today, it is fairly easy to make transgenic plants...Ch. 12 - 18. In October 2002, the government of the African...Ch. 12 - From 1977 to 2000, 12 convicts were executed in...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Can you please check my answer and see if it is correct. Question: In addition to master mix, what else must be added to each PCR tube? Why? Answer: In addition to master mix, the primers must be added to the PCR tubes. Each tube is also reserved for one individual’s specific section of DNA. So not only do primers needed to be added that are made specifically for the person’s DNA, but the DNA itself from the suspect needs to be added to the PCR tubes (DNA template strand). We also must have a control which contains sterile water, and one PCR tube reserved for DNA from the crime scene.arrow_forwardThe DNA profile of each individual is highly specific. The chances of two people having exactly the same DNA profile is 30,000 million to 1 (except for identical twins). Given a set of DNA profiles in figure 3, determine who the father is in a paternity case. The Case: Missis De Los Santos has a daughter who is in need of a liver transplant. Unfortunately, Mrs. De Los Santos was ruled out as a donor. She was asked to ask if her daughter's father could also go for a check-up for donor compatibility. Mrs. De Los Santos believes one of two men is her daughter's father. Who between the men is the daughter's father? Determine who the father in the case is by comparing the DNA profiles of the persons involved in the case. At the end of your profiling activity, you will know that you have correctly figured out who the father is if you have accounted where all the DNA markers of the daughter came from. Figure: Mother Probable Dad 1 Probable Dad 2 Daughter | | || ||||||arrow_forwardWhich samples contain the blood of the father of the child?arrow_forward
- Can you please check my answer and make sure it is correct. Question: Describe the two roles primers play in PCR. Answer: Primers are short sequences of single stranded DNA that mark both the ends of the target sequence to be amplified during PCR. One primer attaches to the top strand at one end (forward primer) and the other one attaches to the bottom strand at the other end of the segment (reverse primer). They are made specifically to attach to these sections of DNA because the nucleotides of the primers are complementary to the target sequence. Other than marking the starting and end points for PCR, primers are also necessary for the process because without them, DNA polymerase wouldn’t be able to synthesize the complementary strand of DNA because it can only add nucleotides to an existing piece.arrow_forwardThe key portion of the autoradiograph from a single locus probe analysis of various DNA samples in a rape investigation is shown in this figure. (Please refer to the attached Picture) Samples of DNA were loaded into the following lanes: (based on the picture) known blood sample of victim known blood sample from defendant DNA size markers female fraction from vaginal swab of victim male fraction from vaginal swab of If you are the DNA analyst, you should conclude that: A. The suspect is guilty B. The suspect might be guilty, but more probes should be used. Explain your answer and Provide Conclusion.arrow_forwardWhat sorts of laws (if any) do you think should be passed regarding the confidentiality of genetic analysis test results? Justify your opinion.arrow_forward
- What are some examples of ethical questions raised by the medicaluse of DNA technology?arrow_forwardDr. Lydia Villa-Komaroff... O developed methods to use PCR to analyze crime scenes, and was the third Mexican-American woman in the US to receive a doctorate degree in the sciences. developed methods to generate recombinant insulin and was the third Mexican-American woman in the US to receive a doctorate degree in the sciences. O developed methods to sequence DNA, and was the third Mexican-American woman in the US to receive a doctorate degree in the sciences. O discovered restriction endonucleases, and was the third Mexican-American woman in the US to receive a doctorate degree in the sciences.arrow_forwardPlease answer these two questions regarding PCR: a) Why do you need to perform PCR on DNA obtained from a crime scene? b) Why so forensic labs analyze non-coding DNA rather than genes?arrow_forward
- Watch the following video called "Human Genome Project Video" (https://fod.infobase.com/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?lti=1&token=30037&wID=97629&loid=0&w=400&h=300) then answer the following question in one paragraph each with evidence from the film to support your answers. 5) Answer in one paragraph and using the video provided to answer the following: There are companies now allowing people to clone their deceased pets. How do you feel about this? What are some good points and bad points to this service provided by some companies in your mind? 6) Answer in one paragraph and using the video provided to answer the following: There is rumor that humans are being cloned in other areas of the world. What ethical considerations can you think of that could be a problem with this type of medical experimentation? What is your opinion?arrow_forwardWhat is DNA phenotyping, and how do law enforcement agencies use this profiling method?arrow_forward. Lane 1 represents DNA taken from the murdered victim. Lane 2 through 5 are DNA samples taken from suspects in the crime. Lane 6 is from a bloodstain found near the victim. Q6. Why is it important to include the DNA taken from the murdered victim (Lane 1) in this DNA analysis?arrow_forward
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