Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 12.6CC
What intracellular transport processes would you expect to be affected when cells are treated with a GTPase inhibitor?
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GTP binding proteins are molecular switches. How do GTP binding proteins work?
Provide two examples of GTP binding proteins that function in intracellular protein transport.
Make a drawing that illustrates the function of each of these proteins in their respective roles.
Predict the direct outcome of a mutation that:
Inhibits GTPase activity
Inhibits interaction with the GEF
What is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distances (ex: nerve cell signaling)?
The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling?
The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes.
The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression.
The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway.
The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 12 - How do differences in the structure and...Ch. 12 - Why is it necessary for material flowing through...Ch. 12 - What problems would you likely see in cells...Ch. 12 - What features of membrane lipids and proteins...Ch. 12 - Based on what you learned in this chapter about...Ch. 12 - How would an inhibitor of membrane fusion...Ch. 12 - What intracellular transport processes would you...Ch. 12 - What problems would a cell have if it could not...Ch. 12 - Although the plant vacuole resembles the lysosome...Ch. 12 - Why is it important for the biochemical reactions...
Ch. 12 - Compartmentalization of Function. Each of the...Ch. 12 - Endoplasmic Reticulum. For each of the following...Ch. 12 - Biosynthesis of Integral Membrane Proteins. In...Ch. 12 - Coated Vesicles in Intracellular Transport. For...Ch. 12 - QUANTITATIVE Interpreting Data. Each of the...Ch. 12 - Cellular Digestion. For each of the following...Ch. 12 - QUANTITATIVE Virus Entry by Endocytosis....Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.8PSCh. 12 - Sorting Proteins. Specific structural features tag...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.10PSCh. 12 - Whats Happening? Researchers have discovered a...
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- Does adenylate cyclase become more active when the inhibitory (Gia) protein is mutated and increases its intrinsic GTPase activity?arrow_forwardWhy is the GTPase activity of G proteins crucial to the proper functioning of a cell? Why have G proteins not evolved to catalyze GTP hydrolysis more efficiently?arrow_forwardWhat is the main benefit of cell signaling over long distances (ex: signaling via hormone secretion into the bloodstream)?arrow_forward
- Briefly describe the following properties of the Rab and Arf GTPases: a) Size, structure and cellular localization (for structure I want to know if they are lipidated and any other unique features) , b) How are they activated and inactivated (i.e. include the GEFs and GAPs), c). Give an example of downstream cellular effects.arrow_forwardSome strains of bacteria or microorganisms have developed toxins that can modify the activity of the alpha subunit of G proteins which results in disease. For ex. cholera toxin, produced by Vibrio cholerae, causes ADP ribosylation of the stimulatory Gαs subunit of G proteins. This modification abolishes the GTPase of Gαs, and results in an αs subunit that is always in the “on” or active state. It results in continuous stimulation of adenylyl cyclase (AC). The main cells affected by this are the epithelial cell in gastrointestinal tract. Knowing this altered activity of AC, explain why patients affected by this toxin experience severe diarrhea and dehydration that may result in death.arrow_forwardWhich three amino acid residues can be phosphorylated by kinases? What property do these amino acids share that make them targets for phosphorylation? How does phosphorylation of these amino acids alter their chemical properties?arrow_forward
- Cellular signaling follows a cascade of events and has multiple points of regulation. Which of the following could be a reason(s) why a signalling cascade is interrupted, or turned 'off', once it has been turned 'on'? A) a protein gets tagged with an ubiqutin group and gets degraded B) a chemical modification occurred on serine, threonine, or tyrosine side chains to turn on/off proteins C) allosteric regulation causes an active site to be hidden D) All of the other answers are correct E) The ligand is prevented from reaching the binding sitearrow_forwardHistamine acts by binding to specialized membrane proteins called histamine H 1 receptors. These receptors, found in specific cells, are integral membrane proteins that possess seven transmembrane a-helical regions. The amino terminus of the protein is extracellular, while the C-terminus is cytoplasmic. The binding of histamine to the extracellular portion of the H 1 receptor prompts a conformational change in the intracellular C-terminus region of the protein. This conformational change triggers numerous intracellular signaling events that stimulate the immune response in cells containing the receptor. There are numerous anti-histamine drugs available commercially. Some of the most popular are shown here side by side with histamine: HCHS NH- Allegra H2N histamine Claritin Propose a reasonable mode of action by which these antihistamines exert their activity. Include relevant details about the system of your own choosing.arrow_forwardAutophagy is an évolutionary conserved catabolic process devoted to the degradation of intracellular components. Which of the following would you observe during autophagy? Select all that apply MTOR inhibition through phosphorylation and activation of TSC proteins MTOR activation and phosphorylation of downstream target proteins Increased expression of Rab7 which mediates lysosomal fusion Acute inflammatory responsearrow_forward
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