Campbell Biology
Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11.4, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction

To determine: The affect on the cell signaling pathways due to the activation of malfunctioning protein phosphatases.

Concept introduction: The mutation or the malfunctioning of the protein molecules will lead to a constant activation of the protein response without inhibition inside the cell. The function of the protein phosphatases is to remove the phosphate group from the protein signaling leading to an inhibition of the cell signaling pathway.

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Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 All second messengers are water-soluble and dif-fuse freely through the cytosol.2 In the regulation of molecular switches, proteinkinases and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs)always turn proteins on, whereas protein phosphatasesand GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) always turn pro-teins off.3 Most intracellular signaling pathways providenumerous opportunities for amplifying the responses toextracellular signals.4 Binding of extracellular ligands to receptor tyro-sine kinases (RTKs) activates the intracellular catalyticdomain by propagating a conformational change acrossthe lipid bilayer through a single transmembrane α helix.5 Protein tyrosine phosphatases display exquisitespecificity for their substrates, unlike most serine/thre-onine protein phosphatases, which have rather broadspecificity.6 Even though plants and animals independentlyevolved multicellularity, they use virtually all the same sig-naling proteins and second…
Pane Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of g protein coupled and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway. Superfamily Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs Accession Give the Uniprot accession number Name Give the molecule name Species Give the species Ligand What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor? Key What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine, physiological paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the pathology of the receptor? process involved What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which molecules does it…
1) Amino acids that contain hydroxyl groups in their R-groups can be phosphorylated during cellular signaling. (a) What amino acids can be phosphorylated? (use the one letter amino acid abbreviations) (b) Does phosphorylation turn a signaling protein “on” or “off”? (c) Whatis the most common source of a phosphate used to phosphorylate a protein (d) What enzyme type (or category of enzymes)removes phosphates from proteins?

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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license