Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) process. In this process, phosphate groups are added to particular amino acid residues on proteins. This PTM has the potential to alter the stability, subcellular localization, and enzymatic activity of proteins with diverse roles in cells.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Select statements that accurately describe receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).
Some RTKs are dimeric in the presence of a ligand.
GTPase activity is required for autophosphorylation (cross-phosphorylation).
The structure includes a transmembrane helix.
The intracellular domain has kinase domains.
The a subunit contains seven a helices that span the membrane.
A ligand binds to the extracellular domain.
. which of the following statements about heterotrimetric G proteins and their receptors is incorrect?
A: when GTP binds to the alpha subunit of the G protein, the beta-gamma subunit dissociates from the alpha subunit
B: G-protein coupled receptors contain nine transmembrane alpha helices
C: binding of arrestin causes removal of the receptor from the membrane
D: G protein- coupled receptors may be desensitized by serine phosphorylation
I had chosen option A and got it wrong. What is the Correct answer and explain how it is. Also, where did i go wrong in choosing option A?
Histamine is a chemical substance released in inflammatory and allergic response. The histamine H1 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that activates phospholipase C in response to the binding of histamine. Arrange the data below showing the process of histamine signal transduction from the H1 receptor.
Calcium ions flow through ligand-gated ion channel.
Phosphorylation cascade leads to the activation of a cellular response.
Calcioum ions activate a protein, leading to a cellular response.
Enzyme cleaves PIP2, forming DAG and IP3.
Calcium iom concentration increases in the cytosol.
IP3 binds to a ligand-gated ion channel in thw ER membrane.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...
Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
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- Compare and contrast signaling via G-protein coupled receptor, receptor tyrosine kinases, nuclear receptor. Please name at least one ligand/receptor for each pathway. Also describe the 'fast' and 'slow' responses mediated by ligand bindingarrow_forwardWhich of the following are activated either directly or indirectly by a heterotrimeric G protein subunit (select all that apply)? O IP, receptor O PIP3-dependent protein kinase O Protein Kinase A O Akt O Phospholipase C O Adenylyl cyclase O Phosphoinositide 3-kinasearrow_forwardThe Gs-alpha subunit of trimeric G proteins can function to regulate ion channels. inhibit phospholipase A. inhibit phosphodiesterase. activate adenylate cyclase.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about G-protein-coupled receptors and cyclic AMP is WRONG? Cyclic AMP is synthesized by adenylyl cyclase and degraded by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Many extracellular signals acting via G-protein-coupled receptors affect the activity of the enzyme adenylyl cyclase and thus alter the concentration of cyclic AMP. The G protein alpha subunit switches itself off by hydrolyzing its bound GDP to GTP.arrow_forwardIn the regulation of enzyme activity by phosphorylation (as discussed in class), the introduction of phosphate to the enzyme being controlled: requires a protein phosphatase enzyme but not ATP requires a protein phosphatase enzyme plus ATP O requires a protein kinase enzyme but not ATP O requires a protein kinase enzyme plus ATParrow_forwardChoose 1 or more than 1 Which of the following statements applies to G proteins? G protein-coupled receptors transduce signal from outside to inside the cell. G proteins are in the Golgi apparatus as indicated by their name. G proteins have a similar structure. G proteins activate transduction cascades leading to cell responses. G proteins are the targets of medicinal drugs..arrow_forward
- Which of the following residues cannot be phosphorylated by a protein kinase? Ser His Thr Tyr Gluarrow_forwardAn SH2-containing protein contains a mutation that changes its binding pocket such that tyrosine and phosphotyrosine bind with equal affinity. As a result, MEK activity: does not change with receptor dimerization and transautophosphorylation decreases due to changes in Raf activation increases with ligand binding-induced dimerization decreases due to allosteric inhibition of SH2-domain bindingarrow_forwardCholera toxins, produced by the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae, disrupt G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. They interfere with... the ability of the beta subunit of a G protein to bind to the GPCR the ability of the gamma subunit of a G protein to exchange GDP for GTP the ability of the beta subunit of a G protein to bind to an effector protein the ability of the alpha subunit of a G protein to hydrolyze GTP to GDParrow_forward
- The Table below shows the names of proteins whose functions are regulated through the binding of their ligands. Complete this Table by filling in the correct ligands for each of the proteins, the corresponding K, value, the affinity of this protein for its ligand and the source where the protein is found. Example Protein Avidin 1 Insulin receptor 2 Anti-HIV immunoglobulin 3 Nickel binding protein 4 Myoglobin 5 Myosin 6 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 7 Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) 8 Guanylyl cyclase Ligand Biotin Kd (M) 1 x 10-15 Affinity high Source/Organism Egg whitearrow_forwardThe G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram. Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling? The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes. The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression. The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway. The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.arrow_forwardWhat G-protein-coupled pathway results in an increase in intracellular calcium? O G-alpha, G-alphas O G-alpha, O the shortcut pathway O G-alphaarrow_forward
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