Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11.4, Problem 4CC
Summary Introduction
To know: The reason for the difference in the action of cardiac muscles and respiratory muscles towards epinephrine.
Introduction: The heart is largely made up of a type of muscle tissue called cardiac muscle. This muscle contracts when the heart beats, allowing blood to pump through the body. Cardiac muscle cells are located in the walls of the heart. Smooth muscle fibers are found in the walls of hollow visceral organs (such as the liver, pancreas, and intestines), except for the heart, and are spindle-shaped.
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Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that stimulates
the production of erythrocytes in red bone marrow. Although EPO is
primarily produced and released by the kidneys in response to low
tissue levels of oxygen, several other tissues, including the liver and
neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), can produce EPO.
EPO binds the EPO receptor (EPOR) in erythrocyte precursor cells,
causing them to differentiate into mature erythrocytes that are
released into circulation. As the oxygen-carrying capacity of the
blood increases, secretion of EPO by the kidneys decreases.
Neurons in the CNS also express EPOR, and EPO has been shown
to decrease apoptosis of both erythrocyte precursor cells and CNS
neurons. EPO also promotes angiogenesis, the production of new
blood vessels. The human EPO gene has been cloned and
expressed in vitro. The recombinant gene product (rHuEPO) is
frequently administered to patients who have anemia resulting
from either kidney failure or chemotherapy.…
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...
Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
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