Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11.3, Problem 4CC
WHAT IF? → If you exposed a cell to a ligand that binds to a receptor and activates phospholipase C, predict the effect the IP3-gated calcium Channel would have on Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol.
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WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell madedefective receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that wereunable to dimerize?
. What would happen in each of the following cases? Assume in each case that the protein involved is a soluble protein, not a membrane protein.
You add a signal sequence (for the ER) to the N-terminal end of a normally cytosolic protein.
You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into charged amino acids.
You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into other hydrophobic amino acids.
4 You move the N-terminal ER signal sequence to the C-terminal end of the protein.
Cleavage
Ligand
Precursor
Receptor
Inactive
Receptor
Active
Cell Membrane
6. The figure above shows a model of a ligand precursor being cleaved to produce an active
ligand that binds to a specific receptor. Which of the following is most likely to reduce the
binding of the active ligand to its receptor?
(A) A change in the cytoskeletal attachment of transmembrane proteins
(B) The presence of a large amount of the precursor form of the ligand
(C) An increase in the ratio of the number of unsaturated to the number of saturated
fatty acid tails of the membrane lipids
(D) A mutation in the receptor gene that causes a substitution of a charged amino acid for a
nonpolar amino acid in the ligand binding site of the receptor
Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...
Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
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- Q-Slide #6 Add icons to show what CaMKII does to its substrate proteins Ме СР2 Ca** CP2 Me Glu СВР HAT NMDA-R* CREB Ca** Ca* Ca CAMKII* CAMKII ? The state of the cell shortly after glutamic acid bound its receptorarrow_forwardWhich statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 All second messengers are water-soluble and dif-fuse freely through the cytosol.2 In the regulation of molecular switches, proteinkinases and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs)always turn proteins on, whereas protein phosphatasesand GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) always turn pro-teins off.3 Most intracellular signaling pathways providenumerous opportunities for amplifying the responses toextracellular signals.4 Binding of extracellular ligands to receptor tyro-sine kinases (RTKs) activates the intracellular catalyticdomain by propagating a conformational change acrossthe lipid bilayer through a single transmembrane α helix.5 Protein tyrosine phosphatases display exquisitespecificity for their substrates, unlike most serine/thre-onine protein phosphatases, which have rather broadspecificity.6 Even though plants and animals independentlyevolved multicellularity, they use virtually all the same sig-naling proteins and second…arrow_forwardOr. Foyez Samar The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger the c corresponding volume in animal cells. The most regsengble explanation for this observation Is that A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cens. C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. D) animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. 12 A uarrow_forward
- Membrane Protein Insertion in the ER This figure displays five small hypothetical proteins. The a-helix secondary structure of the protein is bracketed and the number of amino acids in the helix is indicated. If the hypothetical ER localization sequence is green-yellow-yellow-green-yellow-red, what protein could potentially be a transmembrane protein in the plasma membrane? = Acidic = Basic = Polar (uncharged) O = Hydrophobic CO₂ T 20 CO2 T 20 NH₂ A. T 20 NH₂ B. NH₂ C. T 20 NH₂ D. NH₂ E. tot 10arrow_forward. WHAT IF? Suppose a cell’s membrane potential shiftsfrom -70 mV to -50 mV. What changes in the cell’spermeability to K+or Na+could cause such a shift?arrow_forwardIntegral membrane proteins... Choose all that could apply are bound to the membrane by only interacting with the phospholipid's polar head O contain many amino acids with hydrophobic residues O contain alpha-helical membrane spanning domains O would not be digested by trypsin in a permeabilized cell O interact with the phospholipid core of the phospholipid bilayerarrow_forward
- 8 80 wh 가 Vt WI V N Messenger GDP 1 BY G protein Receptor Lumen of endoplasmic reticulum Ca Membrane of endoplasmic reticulum 2 " GDP GTP GTP (5b) Phospholipase C PIP 2 3 IP3 DAG (6c) Calmodulin Protein kinase Protein-P © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. (4a) 6b Protein kinase C ATP + protein Extracellular fluid (5a) Response in cell (contraction, metabolism, transport) ADP protein- p (6a) Response in cell Response in cell (contraction, secretion) Cytosol Which Ga protein activates phospholipase C? Which secondary messenger opens the ligand gated ion channel? What does a kinase do? What does a phosphatase do?arrow_forwardCalculate ΔGinward. Is energy required for transport to happen? The internal pH of a lysosome= 4.0 and the pH of the cytosol is 7.0. For a cell at 25°C with a -40 mV lysosome membrane potential. What is the ΔGinward for the proton gradient into the lysosome?arrow_forwardSelect all that apply. This is an image of a plasma membrane, which consists of two layers of phospholipids. The red bubbles are the hydrophilic heads of phospholipids, facing the cell interior and exterior. The yellow strings facing inside of the plasma membrane are the fatty acid tails. Which of the following bonds/interactions do you think could regulate the assembly of the plasma membrane and the adhesion or fatty acid tails to each other? Select all that apply. hydrogen bonds covalent bonds electrostatic forces van der Waals forces hydrophobic force ionic bonds O O 0 0 O 0arrow_forward
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