(a)
To determine: What the short-term effect of sudden reduction of carbon dioxide concentration by 1000-fold will be on the levels of 3-phosphoglycerate and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate.
Introduction: Chlorella is a single-celled green alga which is usually found in freshwater. It carries out photosynthesis because of the presence of Chlorophyll a and b. It is known to have a very high efficiency of photosynthesis and thus can be used as a source of food.
(b)
To determine: What the short-term effect of restriction of light to green wavelengths (510-550 nm) will be on the levels of 3-phosphoglycerate and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
Introduction: Chlorella is a single-celled green alga which is usually found in freshwater. It carries out photosynthesis because of the presence of Chlorophyll a and b. It is known to have a very high efficiency of photosynthesis and thus can be used as a source of food.
(c)
To determine: What the short-term effect of an addition of an inhibitor oh photosystem II will be on the levels of 3-phosphoglycerate and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
Introduction: Chlorella is a single-celled green alga which is usually found in freshwater. It carries out photosynthesis because of the presence of Chlorophyll a and b. It is known to have a very high efficiency of photosynthesis and thus can be used as a source of food.
(d)
To determine: What the short-term effect of reduction of oxygen concentration from 20% to 1% will be on the levels of 3-phosphoglycerate and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate.
Introduction: Chlorella is a single-celled green alga which is usually found in freshwater. It carries out photosynthesis because of the presence of Chlorophyll a and b. It is known to have a very high efficiency of photosynthesis and thus can be used as a source of food.
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Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
- Long explanations are NOT NEEDED. Answer only d and e. ATP accounting. Consider 1 molecule of the sucrose (monomeric units: glucose and fructose) that will undergo complete oxidation. -Number of pyruvate molecules after glycolysis is 4.-Net ATP produced in glycolysis only (via substrate-level phosphorylation) is 2.-Number of NADH produced using the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction is 1. Now find:d. Number of NADH and FADH2 produced from Krebs cycle.e. Net ATP produced (complete oxidation via Malate aspartate shuttle).arrow_forward7. Flow of carbon atoms. What is the fate of the radioac- tive label when each of the following compounds is added to a cell extract containing the enzymes and cofac- tors of the glycolytic pathway, the citric acid cycle, and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? (The ¹4C label is printed in red.) (a) (c) H3C H3C O C. O C. COO COO- (b) (d) H3C H₂C O C. O C. (e) Glucose 6-phosphate labeled at C-1. COO™ S-COAarrow_forwardChemical energy. The diagram below shows a metabolic pathway that occurs in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) ADP + P₁ carbon dioxide (CO₂) 1 X HINEW ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCo) glucose triose phosphate (TP) State two features of metabolic pathways? two key features of metabolic pathways glycerate-3-phosphate (GP) are their -X ADP + P₁ interconnectednearrow_forward
- True or false. Explain if it is false. (a) Ubiquinone, cytochrome c, NAD+, FAD, iron-sulfur clusters, and 02 accept electrons during electron transfer reactions along the respiratory chain. (b) A positive AG" implies the products are favored over reactants under standard conditions.arrow_forwardChemiosmosis. ATP synthesis in chloroplasts is usually light dependent; it does not happen in the dark. When researchers shifted isolated chloroplasts from a low pH solution to a more alkaline (higher pH) solution, ATP synthesis occurred even in the absence of light! This was an experiment used to support the chemiosmosis mechanism of ATP formation in chloroplasts. Why? What would happen if the isolated chloroplasts were shifted to a lower pH solution? What would be the results if the above experiments were performed in the presence of light? If these experiments were performed in mitochondria instead of chloroplasts, what results would we expect?arrow_forwardReductive power. What ratio of NADPH to NADP+ is required to sustain [GSH] = 10 mM and [GSSG] = 1 mM ? Use the redox potentials given in Table 18.1 .arrow_forward
- Fo-F1 ATPase. The energy for ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi is provided by the downhill transport of protons through the rotary FoF1 ATP synthase (lecture 22). The enzyme has 3 a-b and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains Df=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. How much energy is available (from the proton electrochemical gradient) for ATP synthesis under these conditions (in kJ/mol)? What [ATP]/[ADP] ratio will be established at steady-state under these conditions? What would be the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio if the enzyme had only 9 ‘c’ subunits? Remember that full revolution of the crank (gamma subunit) produces 3 ATP.arrow_forwardLess energetic electrons. Why are electrons carried by FADH 2 not as energy rich as those carried by NADH? What is the consequence of this difference?arrow_forwardThe last stop. The final electron acceptor for the electron-transport chain is which of the following? do a. 0202 b. Coenzyme Q с. СО2СО, d. NAD+NAD+arrow_forward
- Small explanation please. what is a product in the first stage of the Q- cycle? a. two electrons b. Q- cation c. cyt c (oxidized) d. two more protons in the matrix e. Q- radical anionarrow_forwardgeneration of one less FADH2 molecule. Part C B-oxidation dealls with only saturated fatty acids, but many fatty acids in natural lipids are unsaturated, meaning they contain one or more double bonds. Considering the fatty acid below, calculate the energy yield of its complete oxidation. OH Express your answer using three significant figures. ▸ View Available Hint(s) ΑΣΦ + 0 ? Submit ATParrow_forward70 gram lactose working under aerobic conditions. First calculate the total amount of energy units (ATP, GTP, FADH2, NADH) obtained from its degradation to CO2 and H2O. Convert this value to total ATP units.Show your work in detail at each reaction step. Which energy units are obtained after each reaction step.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning