70 gram lactose working under aerobic conditions. First calculate the total amount of energy units (ATP, GTP, FADH2, NADH) obtained from its degradation to CO2 and H2O. Convert this value to total ATP units. Show your work in detail at each reaction step. Which energy units are obtained after each reaction step.
Q: fructose Compare the regulation of phosphofuctokinase-1 (PFK- 1) activity and bisphosphatase in…
A: Disclaimer: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you…
Q: How many ATP equivalents are generated by the complete oxidation of palmitoleate (cis- 9 -…
A: Oxidation of fatty acid majorly occurs in 4 steps and they are dehydrogenation, hydration,…
Q: Some of the reactions of NO in the blood do not cause problems at low concentrations but can upset…
A: Nitric oxide is a free radical with lone pair of electron.It is an important molecule in cell…
Q: ACTIVITY-1. Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide? Explain your reasoning. A C D но. ÇH2OH…
A: Monosaccharides are carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are macromolecules which are made up of carbon,…
Q: Calculate the ATP yield from oxidation of palmitic acid, taking into account the energy needed to…
A: Palmitic acid- It is also called as hexadecanoic acid and is the most commonly saturated fatty acid…
Q: epar molecules (if 3 glucose molecules enter the start of the 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions, what is…
A: Glycolysis is a process that breakdown glucose (food) and produces energy for the metabolic process.…
Q: The concentration of blood glucose is approximately 5 mM. You have identified a person whose muscle…
A: Enzymes are the biological catalysts that have the ability to change the rate of metabolic reactions…
Q: (b) How ATP increases the apparent KM for substrate fructose-6-phosphate, inhibiting PFK.
A: Enzymes are the proteins which work as biological catalysts help to speed up the biochemical…
Q: Which of the following enzyme is responsible for the regulation of biological nitrogen fixation? A.…
A: Nitrogen fixation is biochemical process by which molecular form of nitrogen with triple covalent…
Q: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle…
A: Different compounds in our body are broken down to produce ATP(adenosine triphosphate). ATP is the…
Q: Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway,…
A: Carbohydrates such as glucose are broken down through glycolysis and the TCA cycle pathway into…
Q: Plotting Reaction Progression: In each case make reasonable, relative, plots of every reees every…
A: Limiting reactant in the reaction is reactant that determines how much of the products are made.
Q: Glucose converted to byruvate
A: Anabolic Reactions : These are reactions which build complex molecules from simpler ones. Cells uses…
Q: Arachidonic acid, a 20-C saturated fatty acid. Use only 1 mole: 1. How many rounds of…
A: Beta oxidation is a catabolic process that occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes in order to…
Q: Arsinate binds to reduced thio groups such as those found in cystiene residues in proteins, lipoate…
A: Arsenic poisoning is a medical condition that occurs when the level of arsenic in the body is too…
Q: Calculate the ATP yield from oxidation of palmitic acid, taking into account the energy needed to…
A: Fatty acid oxidation is the mitochondrial aerobic process of breaking down a fatty acid into…
Q: Glycolysis: a mechanism you should know/ Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) 2.…
A: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a metabolic enzyme involved in the energy-releasing…
Q: Trivial/Common Name Systematic (EC) name and number Chemical reaction catalyzed Metabolic pathway…
A: Chymotrypsin is a proteolytic enzyme acting in the digestive system. It facilitates the cleavage of…
Q: three key elements (number them 1-3) that constitute the mechanism by which oxidative…
A:
Q: Why bother to eat? What are the three primary uses for cellular energy?
A: Eating healthy and balanced provides the right amount of nutrients to your body, which is a key…
Q: Starch Hydrolysis: Suppose you could selectively prevent production of α-amylase or oligo 1,6…
A: Starch hydrolysis test is a method to detect whether the organism is able to digest complex…
Q: Explain how the total yield of ATP from the oxidation of 1 mole of glucose to CO₂ + H₂O is affected…
A: All the chemical reactions that occur inside the body and sustain the life processes are together…
Q: Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway,…
A: Carbohydrates such as glucose are broken into carbon dioxide by glycolytic and the TCA cycle…
Q: Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0).…
A: TAG contains a glycerol backbone attached to three molecules of behenic acid through ester bonds. It…
Q: Instructions. Given each set of information which may include common name(s) and the reaction…
A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that aid in the speeding up of chemical reactions. Proteins called…
Q: MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: A. 1ST statement is TRUE; 2ºd statement is FALSE B. 2d statement is TRUE; 1t…
A: There are 4 major types carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid and proteins. They are involved in the…
Q: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle…
A: There are three types of molecules to yield the energy required by the body to drive ATP synthesis:…
Q: Energy production pathway in targeted by drugs in the malignant (cancerous) cells to control an X…
A: The oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which the electron transport chain in the inner…
Q: ATP yield. Each of the following molecules is processed by glycolysis to lactate. How much ATP is…
A: The glycolysis process is known to occur both aerobic and anaerobically. In the absence of oxygen,…
Q: In human beings, what is the major control of de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis? A. substrate…
A: De novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides takes place in cytosol, first the pyrimidin is…
Q: Glycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 3. In case the cell is in a state requiring large…
A: Glycerophospholipids contains two fatty acid chain attached to a glycerol moiety.…
Q: Two moles of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
A: As the given substrate is 2 moles of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. As given the substrate pass through…
Q: A mouse fed phytanic acid uniformly labeled with 14C produces detectable levels of radioactive…
A: Malate Malate or malic acid is the is the dicarboxalic organic compound which is produced by…
Q: Help with enzyme catalysts #5 please
A: A naturally occurring enzyme lysozyme is present in secretions such as saliva, milk, and…
Q: Enzyme: Crystal Structure of Wild-Type Human Phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) the description of the…
A: The enzyme PGM1 is very well known for its central role in specific human metabolism, where it…
Q: 3. Protection of Enzyme Against Denaturation by Heat When enzyme solutions are heated, there is a…
A: Enzymes are protein molecules that increase the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy…
Q: Efficiency of ATP Production in Muscle: The transformation of glucose to lactate in myocytes…
A: Introduction: Pyruvate produced at the end of glycolysis is anaerobically converted to lactate in…
Q: 23. An important step in glycolysis is the formation of ATP and pyruvate from phosphoenol-pyruvate…
A: The standard Gibbs free energy change for the change of PEP to pyruvate can be found using enthalpy…
Q: Select all that apply. What is true about the conformational aspects of coupling? The proton…
A: An organic compound called ATP is adenosine 5’-triphosphate (C10H16N5O13P3). It forms due to the…
Q: activity? To answer the question: a) name the hormone, controlling the lipid metabolism in…
A: The breakdown or storage of fats for energy, as well as the production of structural and functional…
Q: P3D.2 In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine…
A: The values provided in the questions are: T = 310 K H (enthalpy change) = -20 kJ.mol-1 G = - 31…
Q: Question:- Explain why withholding galactose from the diet of galactosaemia patients has no effects…
A: The oligosaccharides are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and are transported to the protein…
Q: Pathway Trace of Doom!!!!!!!! Make Squalene (remember this is a cytosolic event) Starting material:…
A:
Q: They are everywhere. What energetic barrier prevents glycolysis from simply running in reverse…
A: The reverse of glycolysis is highly endergonic under cellular conditions. The act of expending of…
Q: Question: Fatty acid degradation (breakdown) and synthesis have many similarities but are uniquely…
A: Fats (or triglycerides) are consumed as food or produced by adipocytes or hepatocytes using…
Q: dependence ốf the activity hexokinase I and hexokinase IV on the concentration of glucose…
A: Hexokinase is an important enzyme in glucose metabolism in muscle cells. It is the first enzyme to…
Q: Protein: hexokinase, Role: The enzyme that carries out the first step of glycolysis (the first…
A: All living cells require continuous supply of energy to perform various vital activities. This…
Q: Make a theoretical calculation of how many ATP molecule of acetyl-CoA to Carbon dioxide and water if…
A: In order to solve this problem , we need a good understanding about the following Number of…
70 gram lactose working under aerobic conditions. First calculate the total amount of energy units (ATP, GTP, FADH2, NADH) obtained from its degradation to CO2 and H2O. Convert this value to total ATP units.
Show your work in detail at each reaction step. Which energy units are obtained after each reaction step.
Step by step
Solved in 4 steps with 5 images
- Arrange the balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (the preparatory phase of glycolysis). First step Last step Answer Bank Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate - dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP →→→→ fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP Glucose + ATP → glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Dihydroxyacetone phosphate glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glucose 6-phosphate →→→→ fructose 6-phosphateSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP Two moles of fructose-1,6-biphosphateSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP Five moles of Acetyl coenzyme A
- Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphate 2. Four moles of pyruvic acidSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphateAdditional information: ATP production by the ETC and ATP Synthase per glucose varies somewhat depending on the energy required to move NADH into the mitochondria and other energy uses for the hydrogen-ion gradient. Additional questions: 1.) How many ATP's are generally yielded by oxidative phosphorylation from the catabolism of one glucose? 2.) Summarize the total ATP's obtained from a single molecule of glucose, from start to finish? asap
- Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate (the preparatory & payoff phase of glycolysis), including the standard free-energy change ΔG for each reaction. Then write the overall or net equation of glycolysis, with the net standard free-energy change when one molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate.Arrange the balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the payoff phase of glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate to lactate.AG" = -69.5 kJ · mol- The percent efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation is 35%. Calculate the number of ATP generated by Complex I. Use 1 significant figure. The amount of ATP generated by Complex I is mol ATP. The equation for the overall reaction that occurs in Complex I is shown as: NADH + H+ + Q = NAD+ + QH2 Please explain! Thank you so much..
- This is the ATP accounting question. You are limited to the carbon in the following molecules: One xylulose 5-phosphate, One glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, One sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, 1 Oxaloacetate, and 3 carbon dioxide A) Disregard regulation completely regarding pathway activity, using only the enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and citric acid cycle, what is the maximum ATP one can generate with these molecules? B) Disregard regulation completely regarding pathway activity, using only the enzymes of glycolysis, Calvin- Benson-Bassham cycle, and citric acid cycle, what is the maximum ATP one can generate with these molecules (in this instance only, you also are given 3 ATP and note that you do NOT need to regenerate substrates for rubisco once you get through this enzyme).Please answer fast The equilbrium constant (Keq) under standard conditions for the hydrolysis of ATP is 200,000 M. This would suggest the reaction is: 1. proceeding in reverse direction 2. proceeding in forward direction 3. in equilibrium However, this does not take into consideration the concentration of substrates/products within the cell. This is can be calculated by determining the reaction quotient, Q by: [ATP] x [Pi] / [ADP] [ATP] + [Pi] / [ADP] [ADP] x [ATP] / [Pi] [ADP] x [Pi] / [ATP] Biochemical reactions commonly involve the transfer of groups from ATP. What is one of the products of pyrophosphate cleavage from ATP? AMP Adenosine ADP Inorganic phosphate Q5-6. The hydrolysis of ATP is often coupled to other reactions. For example: Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + H2O → Pyruvate + Pi (ΔG'° = -63.1 kJ/mol) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi (ΔG'° = -30.5 kJ/mol) (The standard free-energy changes for the reactions are indicated in brackets) Q5. Given the information above, what is the…Instructions. Given each set of information which may include common name(s) and the reaction catalyzed, you are required to identify the main class of the specific enzyme described. Name: citryl-CoA synthetase Reaction: ATP + citrate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + (3S)-citryl-CoA Name: D-xylulose reductase Reaction: xylitol + NAD+ = D-xylulose + NADH + H+ Name: cellobiose phosphorylase Reaction: cellobiose phosphate = α-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose Name: carbonic anhydrase Reaction: H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O Other info: The enzyme catalyzes the reversible hydration of gaseous CO2 to carbonic acid, which dissociates to give hydrogencarbonate above neutral pH. Name: pantoate activating enzyme Reaction: ATP + (R)-pantoate = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.