Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 11.6CC
What are the major regulatory points in the Calvin cycle? How is the regulation of the Calvin cycle similar to the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?
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What happens during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-indepedent reactions)?
Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can
be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose)
Oxygen is produced through this process
The remaining G3P molecules that have exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical
reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue.
The enzyme Rubisco attaches to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate
What is the main final product of the calvin cycle?How many turns of the calvin cycle are needed to produce this product?
Do cycle enzymes get activated when the levels of NADPH in the stroma increases during the calvin cycle?
And would the cycle stop if RuBP does not regenerate in the calvin cycle?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 11 - Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are...Ch. 11 - In the late 1800s, T. W. Engelmann illuminated...Ch. 11 - How do the type and arrangement of the various...Ch. 11 - An essential structural feature in both...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.4CCCh. 11 - Explain how the Calvin cycle fixes three CO2...Ch. 11 - What are the major regulatory points in the Calvin...Ch. 11 - Although the typical chemical equation for...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.8CCCh. 11 - True or False Indicate whether each of the...
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- How much NADPH and ATP is required to make one hexosemolecule by the Calvin cycle?arrow_forwardThe Calvin cycle requires both ATP and NADPH. Which of these molecules provides the major input of energy needed to synthesize carbohydrates?arrow_forwardThere are some similarities and some differences between the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion and the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. Which of the following is NOT a true difference between the two cycles? Both involve CO2, but in the Calvin cycle CO2 is used brought into the process as a source of carbon for the sugar being built. In the Mitochondrion, CO2 is removed from the sugar and leaves the cell. In the Calvin cycle, ATP is used to carry chemical energy from the light reactions to the the Calvin cycle where the chemical energy is incorporated in the sugar molecule that is being manufactured. In the mitochondrion, ATP is produced and brought out of the mitochondrion so it can provide chemical energy to the many activities going on in the cytoplasm The first step in the Calvin cycle, the carboxylation of RuBP, produces a 12-carbon product that splits into two 6 carbon pieces. In the first step of the citric acid…arrow_forward
- Photorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by- product of photosynthesis in the presence of 02, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2 fixation pathway. Discuss the situation of fixing 02 (oxygen) rather than CO2 (carbon dioxide) in plants.arrow_forwardWhat are the outputs of the Calvin cycle? What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?arrow_forwardWhich of the following terms regarding the Calvin cycle are mismatched? a.) rubisco and ATP production b.) PGAL and rearranged from glucose c.) carbon fixation and stromaarrow_forward
- Plants have alternate ways of getting respiratory substrates to the point of triose-phosphate of glycolysis. After that, plants have alternative steps during the carbon oxidation phase of glycolysis that affect whether or not ATP is synthesized during glycolysis. What are these various alternatives before and after triose-phosphate? Why are they used? How do they affect the ATP use and yield from glycolysis?arrow_forwardHow many net ATP molecules are consumed during the dark reactions of photosynthesis for each molecule of hexose synthesized?arrow_forwarda) Draw the carboxylation reaction mechanism catalyzed by Rubisco. Include the substrates, products, key amino acid residues in the active site, and important metal ions. b) Describe each step in the Rubisco carboxylation reaction and why the carbamylated lysine is critical for enzyme activity. c. Describe the purpose of the "regeneration stage" of the Calvin-Benson cycle.arrow_forward
- Which of the following scenarios does not occur during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle? Hide answer choices Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the addition of two electrons from NADPH. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into Ribulose bisphosphate. Some of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules are used in carbohydrate production.arrow_forwardWhich part of the Calvin cycle would be affected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBIsCO?arrow_forwardPhotorespiration is a multienzyme bypass of the Calvin cycle's CO2 fixation process in plants and all other oxygenic phototrophs. This bypass removes and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate, a damaging by- product of photosynthesis in the presence of O2, which is formed when 02 substitutes CO2 in the CO2 fixation pathway. According to a regional scale model, photorespiration currently reduces US soybean and wheat yields by 36% and 20%, respectively, and a 5% reduction in photorespiration losses would be worth around $500 million yearly in the United States. Can you forecast the costs and good advantages of C4 photosynthesis? What factors increase the likelihood that the benefits will outweigh the expenses in hot, dry areas in the United States?arrow_forward
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