Chapter 10, Problem 116QRT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given blanks have to be filled with suitable words.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohol is the process in which the hydroxyl group of alcohol gets transformed either into carboxyl group or into an aldehyde or to ketone.  Product obtained may depend on the oxidizing agent used.  Therefore, in presence of mild oxidizing agent, one gets aldehyde or ketone.

Explanation of Solution

The given blank is: Can be oxidized to an aldehyde _______

Oxidation of alcohol is the process in which the hydroxyl group of alcohol gets transformed either into carboxyl group or into an aldehyde or to ketone.  Product obtained may depend on the oxidizing agent used.  Therefore, in presence of mild oxidizing agent, one gets aldehyde or ketone.  In the presence of strong oxidizing agent, carboxylic acid is obtained.

Thus, Can be oxidized to an aldehyde: $\underset{\_}{BoxAandBoxG}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given blanks have to be filled with suitable words.

Concept Introduction:

Polymers are the high molecular mass compounds.  The small monomers units joined together to form large molecule, this reaction is known as polymerization reaction.  When two small molecules condense together to form a polymer with elimination of water molecule, the reaction is known as condensation polymerization.

Explanation of Solution

The given blank is: Segment of a condensation polymer molecule _______.

The condensation polymers are formed by the copolymerization reaction of two monomer units having two different functional groups.  The simple molecules such as water and methanol are formed as the byproduct formed in condensation polymerization reaction.  The given polymer is formed by the condensation polymerization reaction of $7-$ aminoheptanoic acid molecule and $\text{ω}-$ aminoundecanoic acid molecule.

Thus, segment of a condensation polymer molecule $\underset{\_}{BoxH}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given blanks have to be filled with suitable words.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohol is the process in which the hydroxyl group of alcohol gets transformed either into carboxyl group or into an aldehyde or to ketone.  Product obtained may depend on the oxidizing agent used.  Therefore, in presence of mild oxidizing agent, one gets aldehyde or ketone.

Explanation of Solution

The given blank is: Can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid _____.

Oxidation of alcohol is the process in which the hydroxyl group of alcohol gets transformed either into carboxyl group or into an aldehyde or to ketone.  Product obtained may depend on the oxidizing agent used.  Therefore, in presence of mild oxidizing agent, one gets aldehyde or ketone.  In the presence of strong oxidizing agent, carboxylic acid is obtained.

Thus, Can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid $\underset{\_}{BoxA,BoxE,BoxIandBoxG}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given blanks have to be filled with suitable words.

Concept Introduction:

There are three types of alcohols: primary, secondary and tertiary.  The type of alcohols depends upon the carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group is attached.

Explanation of Solution

The given blank is: A primary alcohol_____.

The compound given in Boxes A and G is a primary alcohol. The hydroxyl group is attached with a carbon atom that is attached with one carbon atom.

Thus, a primary alcohol $\underset{\_}{BoxAandBoxG}$.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given blanks have to be filled with suitable words.

Concept Introduction:

The fatty acid can react with glycerol to form triglyceride with the formation of ester linkages.  The reaction between acid and alcohol gives an ester as a major product.  The ester group is derived by a carboxylic acid group in which the acidic hydrogen is replaced by an alkyl group.

Explanation of Solution

The given blank is: A triglyceride_____.

The triglyceride is formed by the reaction of glycerol and fatty acids.  It is characterized by the presence of ester linkages. Box F contains a triglyceride.

Thus, A triglyceride $\underset{\_}{BoxF}$

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given blanks have to be filled with suitable words.

Concept Introduction:

Addition polymerization is the polymerization in which monomer units are linked together with no side product formation.  Addition polymerization is given by the molecules which contains carbon-carbon double bond.

Explanation of Solution

The given blank is: Addition polymerization monomer_____.

Addition polymerization is given by the molecules which contains carbon-carbon double bond.  Compounds in Box C contain a double bond.

Thus, addition polymerization monomer is $\underset{\_}{BoxC}$.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given blanks have to be filled with suitable words.

Concept Introduction:

An amide bond is formed between a carboxylic acid and an amine.  Peptide linkage is formed between two amino acids.  The carboxylic acid group of one amino acid reacts with an amino group of another amino acid to form an amide bond by removing a water molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The given blank is: Contains an amide linkage_____.

An amide linkageis formed between a carboxylic acid and an amine.  The carboxylic acid group of one amino acid reacts with an amino group of another amino acid to form an amide linkageby removing a water molecule.  Compound in Box D and Box H contains an amide bond.

Thus, contains an amide linkage $\underset{\_}{BoxDandBoxH}$.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given blanks have to be filled with suitable words.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohol is the process in which the hydroxyl group of alcohol gets transformed either into an aldehyde or into ketone.  To get an aldehyde or ketone, oxidation of acohol must takes place in the presence of mild oxidizing agent such as copper at .  Product obtained may be aldehyde or ketone. It depends on the nature of alcohol which may be primary, or secondary alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The given blank is: Oxidized to form a ketone_____.

Oxidation of alcohol is the process in which the hydroxyl group of alcohol gets transformed either into an aldehyde or into ketone.  Secondary alcohols undergo oxidation to form ketones.  Compound in Box E and Box I are the secondary alcohols.

Thus, oxidized to form a ketone $\underset{\_}{BoxEandBoxI}$.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given blanks have to be filled with suitable words.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction between acid and alcohol gives an ester as a major product.  The ester is derived by a carboxylic acid group in which the acidic hydrogen is replaced by an alkyl group.

Explanation of Solution

The given blank is: Contains an ester linkage_____.

The triglyceride is formed by the reaction of glycerol and fatty acids.  It is characterized by the presence of ester linkages. Box F contains a triglyceride.

Thus, contains an ester linkage $\underset{\_}{BoxF}$.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given blanks have to be filled with suitable words.

Concept Introduction:

Polymers are the high molecular mass compounds.  The small monomers units joined together to form large molecule and this reaction is known as polymerization reaction.  When two small molecules condense together to form a polymer with elimination of water molecule, the reaction is known as condensation polymerization.

Explanation of Solution

The given blank is: Condensation polymerization monomer_____.

Box B contains a compound in which two amine groupsare present. These two amine groups can undergo condensation polymerization which is characterized by the loss of hydrogen molecule.

Thus, Condensation polymerization monomer $\underset{\_}{BoxB}$.