Introduction to Genetic Analysis
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781464109485
Author: Anthony J.F. Griffiths, Susan R. Wessler, Sean B. Carroll, John Doebley
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 1, Problem 6P
Summary Introduction
To determine: The number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine and cytosine and guanine and the stability of DNA molecule.
Introduction. The process of
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According to Chargaff's rule of nitrogenous base pairing, which of the following statements is correct?
If all adenine bonds to thymine and all cytosine pairs with guanine, then the sum of all adenine will never be equal to the sum of all thymine in a DNA molecule.
If all adenine bonds to thymine and all cytosine pairs with guanine, then the sum of all adenine will never be equal to the sum of all thymine in an RNA molecule.
If all adenine bonds to thymine and all cytosine pairs with guanine, then the sum of all adenine equals the sum of all thymine in a DNA molecule.
If all adenine bonds to uracil and all cytosine pairs with guanine, then the sum of all adenine will never be equal to the sum of all uracil in an RNA molecule.
How do these ratios compare with the (A + G)/(T + C) ratio found in DNA? Explain.
In a segment of DNA consisting of 1000 nitrogen bases,
28% of which are thymine, how many bases are
adenine, guanine, and cytosine?
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- If you analyze a double-stranded DNA molecule and find that 15% of all the nucleotide bases are Adenines, you know that there must also be [ Select ] Thymines, [ Select ] Guanines, [ Select ] v Cytosines and [ Select ] Uracils. (Count each of the bases in any double stranded DNA molecule and calculate their percentages to find the simple key for this if you haven't seen it yet.)arrow_forwardTwo proteins (A and B) can interact to form a non-covalent complex AB. Suppose the K₂ for this interaction is 2.86 x 106 M-1. If you mix 2 x 10-7 M of protein A with 6.1 x 10-10 M of protein B, what is the final concentration of AB?arrow_forwardDNA and RNA are chemically very similar but are distinguished, in large part, by the presence of a 2’-OH group in RNA and a 2’-H group in DNA. Why do you suppose that both DNA and RNA have 3’-OH groups and we do not typically find nucleic acids within cells that have 3’-H groups?arrow_forward
- Would the base pair Guanosine and Cytosine be more or less stable at pH 10 than at pH 7?arrow_forwardNitrogen fixation is a natural process by which inert or unreactive forms of nitrogen are transformed into usable nitrogen. Why is this process important to life? Given what you have learned about the hydrogen bonding shared between nucleic acids in DNA, which pair is more stable under increasing heat: adenine and thymine, or cytosine and guanine? Explain why. Which of the following is not an organic molecule: methane (CH4), fructose (C6H12O6), rosane (C20H36), or ammonia (NH3)? How do you know?arrow_forwardAn RNA molecule has the following percentages of bases: A = 27%, U = 38%, C=20%, G = 15%. (A) Is this RNA molecule single-stranded or double stranded? How can you tell? (B) What would be the percentage of each of the bases in the template strand of the DNA that contains the gene for this RNA?arrow_forward
- Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?arrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE a) The 2 chains composing one double helix run in opposite directions; they are antiparallel (one is 5’->3’ and the other 3’->5’). b) DNA molecules can perform their function in replication and transcription as long as the hydrogen bonds between the bases remain intact.arrow_forwardIf the GC content of a DNA molecule is 60%, what are the molar percentages of the four bases (G, C, T, A)?arrow_forward
- The two sides of the DNA double helix are connected by pairs of bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine). Because of the geometric shape of these molecules, adenine bonds with thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine. The figure below shows the bonding of thymine and adenine. Each charge shown is +e or - e, and the H-N distance is 0.110 nm. (a) Calculate the net force that thymine exerts on adenine. Is it attractive or repulsive? To keep the calculations fairly simple, yet reasonable, consider only the forces due to the O- H-N and the N-H-N combinations, assuming that these two combinations are parallel to each other. Remember, however, that in the O-H-N set, the O- exerts a force on both the H+ and the N-, and likewise along the N–H-N set. (b) Calculate the force on the electron in the hydrogen atom, which is 0.0529 nm from the proton. Then compare the strength of the bonding force of the electron in hydrogen with the bonding force of the adenine-thymine molecules (H (H (H)…arrow_forwardThe base composition of one of the DNA chains of a DNA double helix contains 18 mol-%A, 35 mol-%T, 26 mol-%C, and 21 mol-%G (a) What is the base composition of the complementary DNA chain? (b) Is the total amount of purine bases equal to the total amount of pyrimidine bases for the DNA double helix?arrow_forwardThe figure shows that the average distance between base pairs measured parallel to the axis of a DNA molecule is 3.4 Å. The average molar mass of a pair of nucleotides is 650 g•mol-1. Estimate the length in cm of a DNA molecule of molar mass 5.1x109 4.0 .26 g•mol-1. cm Roughly how many base pairs are contained in this molecule? [4.0 784615 x base pairs CG G C OH TA Thymine Adenine H. H. OH CH2 N-H.......O CH3 H H N……·H–N HLH TA OH 0-P H2C CG G C H. CH2 Guanine H OH Cytosine ... H-N TA AT H' N.....H-N HLH N-H.......O H2C OH H -o. -P3D0 TA 0- OH H. -CH2 (b) The most common structure of DNA, which is a right-handed double helix. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds (a) Base-pair formation between adenine (A) and thymine (T) and between cytosine (C) and guanine (G). and other intermolecular forces.arrow_forward
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