Introduction to Genetic Analysis
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781464109485
Author: Anthony J.F. Griffiths, Susan R. Wessler, Sean B. Carroll, John Doebley
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 1, Problem 4P
Summary Introduction
To determine: The special strain of Neurospora that makes citrulline but not arginine and the mutant or missing gene in the strain.
Introduction. All the enzymes in the body that are crucial for the biochemical reactions are proteins. The proteins are made of amino acids. The amino acids are of 20 types that combine in a varied manner to form proteins. The amino acids join together by peptide bonds. Proteins act as major substrates and reactants for the
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The figure below shows the life cycle of the fungus Neurospora. The adult stage of the Neurospora is a multicellular haploid.
b) Neurospora has an arginine amino acid synthesis pathway shown below. Suppose I take the strain above that only grows with arginine supplements and cross it to a different mutant Neurospora strain that grows with arginine and citrulline supplements but not with ornithine supplements. Assuming gens A, B, and C are unlinked and there is only one mutation per stain:
What percentage of the progeny will grow on ornithine?
What percentage on citrulline?
What percentage on arginine?
A gene contains the sequence CGCATACGGTAC that results in the amino acid sequence arg-ile-arq-
tyr. A mutation in this gene has a G inserted after the second C in the strand.
How will this mutation affect the phenotype?
A)This will affect the phenotype because although most of the protein will be identical, the first amino
acid will be different.
B)This will not affect the phenotype because only the second amino acid is different from the original
protein.
C)This will not affect the phenotype because the protein will be identical to the original protein.
D)This will affect the phenotype because all of the amino acids after the first one will be different from
the original protein.
Neurospora crassa can synthesize the amino acid arginine from a
precursor as follows:
precursor
ornithine
citrulline
arginine
George Beadle and Edward Tatum identified various mutants (arg
mutants) unable to synthesize arginine from this precursor. One such
class (Class I) could synthesize arginine if either ornithine or citrulline
was supplied. A second mutant class (Class II) could synthesize
arginine if citrulline was added, but not if ornithine was added. A
third class (Class III) could not synthesize arginine from either
ornithine or citrulline.
Which class or classes of arg mutants will grow on complete media?
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- Three different chitin synthase genes control chitin synthesis in S. cerevisiae. Discuss what will happen to the budding yeast if a mutation occurs in each of the genes below: CHSI CHSII CHSIIIarrow_forwardThe pathway for arginine biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa involves several enzymes that produce a series of intermediates as shown. O O O O ornithine citrulline ARG-E arginosuccinate arginine N-acetylornithine arginine You did a cross between ARG-E ARG-H* and ARG-E* ARG-H¯¯ Neurospora strains and identified an Arg- strain from an NPD tetrad. (Assume that Neurospora forms tetrads in the same way yeast do.) Which compound would rescue growth of this Arg- spore? N-aceltylornithine ARG-F ornithine citrulline ARG-G ARG-H → argininosuccinatearrow_forwardA hypothetical gene for cephalosporin resistance is found to be carried by a transposon. Explain what a transposon is. Then explain how the cephalosporin resistance could be horizontally transferred between organisms by transformation, conjugation, and transduction. What steps/events would have to occur to allow the transposon to be transferred by each method. Also, explain how it could be transferred vertically between organisms.arrow_forward
- A scientist used a transgenic strain of C. elegans into which a gene (gfp) for a green fluorescent protein had been introduced. He injected some worms with double-stranded RNA complementary to coding sequence of the gfp gene. The figure below shows the worms without (a; left) and with (b; right) ds gfp RNA. a (-) ds gfp RNA _(+) ds gfp RNA a) Explain these results . b) The scientist conducted another experiment in which he injected double-stranded RNA complementary to the introns and promoter sequences of the gfp gene. What results would you expect with this experiment? Explain your answer .arrow_forwardThe Biofuels industry is interested in engineering bacteria so that they may produce fuels such as ethanol. In one such study, scientists generated a strain of E coli in which they deleted the rpos gene from the strain of E coli. This deletion substantially enhance the production of ethanol. Explain the normal function of rpoS and why its deletion might improve ethanol production (limit 5-6 sentences)? Effect rpoS Deletion on EtOH Production [EtOH] g/L 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 5 10 Time (hr) 15 20 -rpos(+) -rpos(-)arrow_forwardThe streptolysin S toxin made by S. pyogenes is encoded by a 9-gene operon, sagABCDEFGHI. Thinking about what a 3-line diagram would look like for this operon, answer the following questions. Write numeric answers only. For example, if your answer is 6 promoters, write only 6. 1) How many promoters control the expression of these genes? 2) How many locations does RNA Polymerase bind to get full expression of these genes? 3) How many ribosome binding sites are needed for full protein expression? 4) How many start codons will be needed for full protein expression? 5) How many mRNA strands will be produced with full operon expression? 6) How many proteins will be produced with full protein expression? 1arrow_forward
- The pathway for arginine biosynthesis in Neurosporacrassa involves several enzymes that produce a seriesof intermediates.ARG-E ARG-F ARG-G ARG-HN-acetylornithine → ornithine → citrulline → argininosuccinate → argininea. If you did a cross between ARG-E− and ARG-H−Neurospora strains, what would be the distributionof Arg+ and Arg− spores within parental ditype andnonparental ditype asci? Give the spore types inthe order in which they would appear in the ascus.b. For each of the spores in your answer to part (a),what nutrients could you supply in the media to getspore growth?arrow_forwardThe RNA transcript of a region of T4 phage DNA contains the sequence 5’-AAAUGAGGA-3'. This sequence encodes three different polypeptides. What are they?arrow_forwardConsider three genes in E. coli: thr+, ara+, and leu+ (which give the cell the ability to synthesize threonine, arabinose, and leucine, respectively). All three of these genes are close together on the E. coli chromosome. Phages are grown in a thr+ ara+ leu+ strain of bacteria (the donor strain). The phage lysate is collected and used to infect a strain of bacteria that is thr− ara− leu −. The recipient bacteria are then tested on selective medium lacking leucine. Bacteria that grow and form colonies on this medium (leu+ transductants) are then replica-plated on medium lacking threonine and on medium lacking arabinose to see which are thr+ and which are ara+. Another group of the recipient bacteria are tested on medium lackingthreonine. Bacteria that grow and form colonies on this medium (thr+ transductants) are then replica-plated on medium lacking leucine and onto medium lacking arabinose to see which are ara+ and which are leu+. Results from these experiments are as follows:…arrow_forward
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