Tumor suppressor proteins can assist in slowing down the cell cycle under appropriate conditions. In humans, the TP53 gene encodes a tumor suppressor called p53. Most mutations in the TP53 gene result in a mutant form of p53 that can no longer function to slow down the cell cycle, which can lead to a cell becoming cancerous. However, some mutant forms of p53 actually possess the ability to increase a cell's resistance to anticancer treatments. Which of the following BEST describes the latter type of mutation?

Q: Often mutations in cyclin dependent kinases, CDKs, can cause cancer. This is because a. CDKs…

A: Cyclins are one which drives the cell cycle events by working with enzymes called Cyclin-dependent…

Q: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene in human cells. Transcription of this gene leads to the production of…

A: The TP53 sequence provides directions for creating a macromolecule known as tumor macromolecule p53…

Q: The p53 gene was discovered in 1979, but it was not clear whether the gene functioned as an oncogene…

A: An oncogene is a type of gene that is responsible for causing the cells to divide uncontrollably and…

Q: Human cells divide every day for normal growth, replacement of cells, and tissue repair. The…

A: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane protein, which acts as a receptor for…

Q: Put a checkmark next to any of the following scenarios that would make it MORE likely that a cell…

A: Need to find all the options that produce uncontrollable cell division  and to increase chance of…

Q: Discuss the complete cell cycle in a human cell, mitosis and meiosis, and the regulatory components…

A: There are two types of cell division.They are Mitosis and Meiosis. Most of the times,the type of…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: "Agent V" is the name of an anticancer (chemotherapy) drug.  This drug works against cancer cells by…

A: Microtubules are one among the three types of cytoskeletons of eukaryotes. Microtubules are composed…

Q: The p53 gene encodes a tumor-suppressor protein, p53, which acts as a transcription factor for…

A: Answer. Genes for which a gain of function mutation drives a cell towards cancer are called proto…

Q: Assuming that apoptosis fails and the cell continues through several cell cycles... what would the…

A: Introduction  Almost all cells in the body can divide and form new daughter cells however, there…

Q: Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be…

A: Mutation in an organism is defined as a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences”. The…

Q: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53. Known as the…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid, abbreviated as DNA, is a double-helix made-up of nucleic acids. Its role in…

Q: The “Hayflick limit” is the number of times cells growing in tissue culture will divide before cell…

A: Introduction  Ageing of cells can be attributed to several factors such as degradation of cellular…

Q: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that encode proteins involved in DNA repair. If DNA can not be repaired,…

A: BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene 1) and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene 2) are genes that make proteins that aid…

Q: Describe the molecular mechanisms involved in P53’s role as a tumor repressor protein.

A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This…

Q: p53 is a gene / protein often associated with cancer.  Why?  What does p53 do?  What kind of gene is…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene it is called so because its activity stops the formation of…

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of a fail-safe mechanism that prevents the irregular cell…

A: Uncontrolled cell division results in the development of a tumor or cancer. There are many factors…

Q: The myc oncogene increases expression of the glutamine transporter and glutaminase that converts…

A: Cancer is a disease defined by the uncontrolled development of a group of abnormal cells that can…

Q: Describe how Ras and p53 can alter the simplified genetic pathway controlling cell division shown…

A: There are two general types of genes that play a fundamental role in cancer induction:…

Q: BAX proteins stimulate apoptosis. Mutations in BAX genes can help developing cancers but not…

A: BAX is more widely expressed in tissues and is involved in the cell death regulation both in…

Q: The normal copies of tumor-suppressor genes encode proteins that have which three types of…

A: A tumour suppressor gene also known as anti-oncogene is a gene that is responsible to regulate the…

Q: the cell cycle is divided into different phases (referred to as M, G0, G1, S and G2); Can you…

A: As per our guidelines, we are supposed to answer only one question. Kindly repost the other question…

Q: Describe how tumor suppressors function to stop the cell cycle until certain events are completed

A: Normal genes that delay cell division, repair DNA errors, or tell cells when to die are known as…

Q: A research study indicated that an agent in cigarette smoke caused the silencing of a tumor…

A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (p53). This…

Q: Unlike many other diseases, the vast majority of cancers in humans are not transmissible - meaning a…

A: Cancer is "referred" to as any abnormal growth of cell tissue. Cancer can develop anywhere in the…

Q: Much remains unknown about the rapid, uncontrolled growth, or what causes a tumor to metastasize.…

A: Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. A…

Q: In some cancer cells, a specific gene has been duplicated many times. Is this gene likely to be an…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while Ras is a proto-oncogene. Mutation in either one can…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that are involved in various checkpoints in the cell cycle,…

Q: Why would a mutation in BRCA1 be considered a driver mutation?  b. Based on what you’ve learned…

A: In this question, we  have to answer 'BRCA gene consider as driver mutation and ATM consider as a…

Q: Describe the effects of the mutation causing the p21 promoter to no longer bind p53 on cell…

A: p53 is a tumor suppressor gene but if p53 gets mutated then this protein is not able to bind to the…

Q: Lord Voldemort seeks immortality to rule over the wizarding and muggle world forever. As his loyal…

A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells undergoes continuous cycle without stopping and doesn’t…

Q: Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, Bcl-2,…

A: Proto-oncogene is a normal gene which have many different functions in the cell, like providing…

Q: BAX proteins stimulate apoptosis.

A: A natural genetically programmed cell death called apoptosis occurs when an ageing cell reaches the…

Q: Identify one way in which a specific cancer evades the controls of the cell cycle.

A: One of the major components of control in the cell cycle is Apoptosis. It is the process of…

Q: Of the following choices a loss of function mutation would most lukely contribute to cancer onset if…

A: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to external…

Q: Cells in a tumor contain mutated copies of a particular gene that promotes tumor growth. Gene…

A: An oncogene helps in control cell division and  contributes to cancer progression whereas a tumor…

Q: What do you think would happen to the cell cycle of cells that contain a point mutation in the S-…

A: Cyclin and cyclin dependent kinase play a very important role in the progression of cell cycle. Cell…

Q: Why are PARP inhibitors effective in killing tumor cells with BRCA-deficiency but not Rb deficiency?…

A: Anti-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene regulate cell division and DNA repair mechanism. Any mutation…

Q: A cell inherits a mutation in a gene that results in a transcription factor, called NF-kB,…

A: Introduction :- Mutations are defined as the changes in the DNA sequence and thus , hereditary in…

Q: Relatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: p53 gene, as is the Rb gene, is a tumor suppressor gene.  p53 protein binds to DNA leading to the…

A: p53 activates various responses, including cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Each of these appears to…

Q: RCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene. BRCA1* is the symbol for the non-mutant or wild-type form of the…

A: BRCA1 mutations are also linked to a higher risk of triple-negative breast cancer, which is a very…

Q: Cellular levels of tumor suppressor protein p53 is maintained by a ubiquitin ligase protein, called…

A: From the above information, we can make the following inferences - 1. p53, as indicated in the…

Q: Describe how the tumor-suppressor genes Rb, p53 and p21 regulate the cell cycle.

A: Tumor suppressor gene  These gene controls the activity of cell division cycles. They decide whether…

Q: The diagram shows the relative activity of a proto-oncogene and a tumor supressor gene in a normal…

A: Proto oncogene: The gene that is important for normal cell growth. Mutations in these proto…

Q: Some cancers have been treated with drugs that demethylate DNA.Explain how these drugs might work.…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with genetic changes. The mutations in the oncogenes and…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.