Discuss the complete cell cycle in a human cell, mitosis and meiosis, and the regulatory components (i.e. the proteins associated with cellular checkpoints) of the cell cycle. Tumor growth results when the cell cycle checkpoints are ignored. Give an example of how tumor growth could result from either a loss-of-function or a gain-of-function mutation.

Q: d. a homozygous mutation that completely eliminates the coding region of a tumor suppressor gene e.…

A: Cancer is defined as a serious medical concern marked by uncontrolled cell divisions that result in…

Q: Chemotherapeutic agents can promote apoptosis in cancer cells by these mechanisms except; Group of…

A: Chemotherapy is a basic component of cancer treatment, aimed at eliminating cancerous cells by…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to…

A: The repeated and uncontrollable division of cells forms a large mass called the tumor. Tumors might…

Q: Why are some chromosomal regions amplified/deleted in a specific manner in certain tumor types?

A: Chromosomal amplification: Chromosomal amplification can be explained as the increase in the amount…

Q: Explain how p53 functions as a tumor suppressor gene. How can mutations in p53 lead to cancer, and…

A: Normal cell has low level of p53 protein. When DNA damage or other stress signals may trigger p53…

Q: Why is it harder to develop a drug that targets a tumor suppressor gene compared to an oncogene…

A: Uncontrolled cell division in the cells may result into the tumor formation. Sometimes the cells may…

Q: manifestations in the event that the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene accumulates mutations.

A: the cancer cell produces abnormal protein and their uncontrolled growth will lead to formation of…

Q: Cancer cells generally have missense mutations in p53 gene, resulting in truncated p53 normally…

A: A normal cell is converted into a cancer cell when the there is deactivation of the tumor suppressor…

Q: Explain how mutations in tumor-suppressor genes can be recessive at the level of the cell but cause…

A: A tumor suppressor gene is normally a cellular gene that regulates the cell proliferation or DNA…

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Contrast oncogenes and proto-oncogenes.…

A: Genetic changes are the primary cause of cancer, an incredibly complicated and multidimensional…

Q: Put a checkmark next to any of the following scenarios that would make it MORE likely that a cell…

A: Need to find all the options that produce uncontrollable cell division  and to increase chance of…

Q: Tbis a membrane of the family of tumor suppressor genes.   true   false

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the normal genes that controls cell division and replication ,repair…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene…

A: Tumor-supressor genes: Tumor-suppressor genes is defined as normal genes that will slow down the…

Q: Explain why metastasis can lead to multiplesecondary tumors in different sites.

A: When there is some mutation that occurs in the DNA of any cell that leads to abnormal and…

Q: Tissues and differentiation: a) Explain what is meant by determination and differentiation b)…

A: In biology, the process of determination is related to the process in which embryonic stem cells…

Q: How can a mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene contribute to the development of cancer?

A: Tumor-suppressor genes are like any other normal genes whose functions include slowing down cell…

Q: Explain what is fundamental aberrations in all cancer cells ?

A: Answer: Introduction: The features of chromosomal aberrations in cancers, has studied in the 15,000…

Q: Describe how mutations in genome maintenance factors promote tumorigenesis. Why would inactivation…

A: The cells are basic units of life. When any mutation in the gene takes place due to any radiation or…

Q: explain the similarities  between benign and malignant tumors?

A: Cancer is uncontrolled, abnormal excessive  division of cells. Differences  Benign tumour  1. Slow…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do…

A: Oncogene is a type of gene having the ability which can develop a cell to a tumor cell when…

Q: Select the statements that accurately describe different ways that translocations could lead to…

A: Answer-  (A) A translocation breaks up the sequence of a gene for a protein that stimulates…

Q: Identify 2 proteins important for cell cycle regulation and explain why they play a critical role in…

A: A cell cycle is the series of events through which cell grow and divides. The regulation of the cell…

Q: xplain the molecular mechanisms of cancers caused by a P53 gene mutation.

A: cancer may be a disease during which a number of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to…

Q: Explain the difference between proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor mutations in terms of its…

A: Cancer is a medical condition that is characterized by the growth of tumors in the body of an…

Q: Which of the following chromosomal changes would be LEAST likely to cause the development of cancer?…

A: Cancer is a condition where cells in a specific part of the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.…

Q: Explain the normal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that prevents cells from…

A: Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are two types of genes that relate cell cycle regulation to…

Q: Explain the following figure. According to this model, what are the two major phases of metastasis…

A: The figures tells about the metastasis. Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to the healthy or…

Q: Describe the difference between a tumor suppressor and an oncogene with respect to the actual causes…

A: Cancer is caused due to the uncontrollable division of cells leading to tumor formation. Genetic…

Q: during tumor progression, additional mutations occur within multiple cells of a tumor population,…

A: Tumor progression is a phase of tumor development which is characterized by increased growth speed…

Q: Describe the relationship between hyperplasia and benign tumor growth.  Simple explanation please.

A: The cell is the basic unit of life. Cell division is the process by which the growth of an organism…

Q: Relatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.