The protein p53 is activated when the cell's DNA is damaged. p53 helps to arrest the cell cycle in G1, allowing time for the cell to repair its DNA before replicating. p53 does this job by stimulating the synthesis of a protein that inhibits the cyclin-dependent kinase. Mutations that inactivate p53 contribute to 50% of human cancers. Would you classify p53 as a tumor-suppressor gene or a proto-oncogene?
Q: LO 53- Determine the type of mutations based on the effect in the amino acid chain "missense,…
A: Introduction Mutation can lead to various disorders such as cancer and a wide range of genetic…
Q: Is the cane toad a direct or indirect threat
A: Cane toads (Bufo marinus) are highly toxic native amphibians of South America and Central America.…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a reason cells regulate gene expression at a level other than the…
A: Introduction : A functional gene product is created through the process of gene expression…
Q: q 3 please. Thanks
A: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that in a given population the genotypic frequencies remains the…
Q: Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements. A cell can be differentiated…
A: Cell division is the process of dividing a parent cell into two or more daughters. There are two…
Q: The following segment of DNA is part of the RNA-coding sequence of a transcription unit. If the…
A: Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer made of two polynucleotide chains that coil around…
Q: The lumen of a vein is larger than the lumen of an artery of the same size. True or False
A: We know that The cardiovascular and or the circulatory system is made up of the heart and blood…
Q: Explain the portion of the nuceloplasmin molecule responsible for localization in the nucleus.
A: Nuclear pore complexes or nucleoporins surround the nuclear pores in the nuclear membrane. Proteins…
Q: The above figure shows the transcription of a gene. True or False The RNA polymerases are…
A: Transcription: The process through which the enzyme RNA Polymerase transfers information from one…
Q: Salicylamides are inhibitors for an enzyme called scytalone dehydratase. SAR shows that there are…
A: Salicylamides are inhibitors for an enzyme called scytalone dehydratase. SAR shows that there are…
Q: Questions 11-13 are all based on the following information: Human chromosome 4 is about 215 CM long.…
A: The gene that codes for a specific trait, have two alternative forms called alleles. The genotype of…
Q: Why do we wash the Ni-NTA beads after applying the clarified lysate so many times? What would happen…
A: HisPur Ni-NTA Magnetic Beads are usually used for small scale affinity purification as well as…
Q: Write one structural difference between the composition of artery and veins.
A: Human cardiovascular system consists the organs ie heart, blood vessels and blood cells and the bone…
Q: An individual with two different copies of a gene is called a
A: An allele is a form of gene occur by mutation. It is a certain variation of gene. It is mainly found…
Q: 11. Now join the 2 fragments from question 8, above, to recreate the original pUC 19 plasmid. Draw…
A: The restriction enzymes are the enzymes that can produce the cut in the DNA or plasmid at the…
Q: List out the forms of DNA from least condensed to most condensed form. Why does DNA need to exist in…
A: DNA is the nucleic acid present in the cells of living beings. It stores genetic information in the…
Q: Examine whether the statement "most intracellular signaling pathways provide numerous opportunities…
A: Introduction: A receptor changes its conformation in response to a signal, which sets off a chain of…
Q: . B. In the rare autoimmune Graves’ disease, antibodies are secreted which over-stimulate thyroid…
A: Grave's disease is an auto-immune disorder and is also known as toxic - diffuse goitre. This disease…
Q: Describe the mutation that created the Hbs allele: type of mutation, location of mutation on HbA…
A: Introduction Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from…
Q: "In most animal cells, minus end-directed microtubule motors deliver their cargo to the periphery of…
A: Introduction:The hollow, cylindrical shape of the microtubules. They have a diameter of around 25…
Q: GENETICS** in genetic linkage and mapping why are we able to add up the individual distances to…
A: Genetics Genetics is described as the branch of biology that deals with the study of genes, heridity…
Q: Mendel's law that showed that the genes inherited for one trait did not affect the genes inherited…
A: Answer. Law of independent assortment
Q: After termination of the synthesis of RNA molecule, the core enzymes separate from the DNA template.…
A: Introduction: The process of transcription involves copying (transcription) the DNA sequence of a…
Q: Which of the following is most likely to pass through the cell membrane via facilitated diffusion? A…
A: Facilitated diffusion is the movement of molecules that is determined by molecule's relative…
Q: Are biogas plants and anaerobic digestion(AD) plants the same thing? Are there any anaerobic plants…
A: The biological breakdown of organic compounds by bacteria is known as anaerobic digestion. "Organic"…
Q: One pound of body fat is equal to how many calories? Be able to explain how fiber intake affects…
A: Fat is the major nutrient needed by the body to produce energy in the form of calories. It is broken…
Q: a) Transcription b) Replication. Adenine (A) Thymine (1) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Uracil (U) 1
A: In replication, something is reproduced or copied, or a copy is something that has been reproduced.…
Q: In a blood transfusion, if the donor and recipient blood types are not matched correctly, it may…
A: Introduction: Anyone may experience an ABO incompatibility reaction when you receive the incorrect…
Q: Consider three genes on the same chromosome, Pi-2, Notch, Mu-1. If the recombination frequency…
A: Recombination frequency is described as the percentage of the recombinant phenotype produced in the…
Q: They are all 1/16 instead of 1/8?? Why is that
A: Dihybrid cross: When a cross is made keeping in focus two characters of organisms, such a cross is…
Q: During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs? a. ATP is used up b. Fructose is split in two…
A: Introduction Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take…
Q: Phagocytes are white blood cells that engulf and digest pathogens as a part of the immune response…
A: Introduction Phagocytes, a type of living cell, devour or engulf other cells or particles through a…
Q: 1. Describe your genetically modified organism from the table above. 2. How can your GMO be a help…
A: Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are the organisms whose DNA has been modified by using various…
Q: 40. Use the diagram below for this question. In this research study, Jager et al. (Frontiers…
A: Elevated Plus Maze test It is employed to evaluate the behaviour of rodent models of CNS diseases…
Q: How does citrate from the citric acid cycle affect glycolysis?
A: Introduction: In the cytoplasm of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, glycolysis is the initial stage…
Q: The four nucleotides A,T,C,G are shuffled in a random order and put in a row. How many possible…
A: Nucleotides These are the organic molecules that constitute a nucleoside and phosphate. These are…
Q: control
A:
Q: 1. A 2-year-old child presents to the emergency room for dehydration. The child weighs 12.5 kg and…
A: Introduction:When you lose more fluid than you consume, your body becomes dehydrated because it…
Q: 9)Failures in diagnostic, treatment, or surgical procedures; selection or doses of medication;…
A: The top five medical errors are incorrect diagnosis, delayed diagnosis, drug error, infection, and…
Q: The properties of two types of organization of kinases (held in a signaling complex by a scaffolding…
A: Introduction: The signalling proteins function as molecular switches in cell signalling pathways.…
Q: According to the ______ hypothesis, selection is weaker later in life making aging alleles only…
A: Introduction Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution, through which populations of living…
Q: (a) Identify each labeled organelle in the figure and describe its function. Please include the…
A: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. It carries out various functions in…
Q: What are specific slave making ants, what slave making ants do to capture other ants, what are the…
A: Slave-making ants are brood parasites that capture broods of other ant species to increase the…
Q: Researchers have artificially converted a mouse's lissencephalic cerebral cortex to a gyrencephalic…
A: *Transplant spinal tissue into the developing cerebral cortex.
Q: From the four agencies that can inspect the laboratory, which one do you feel is the most important…
A:
Q: The events occurring together. Addition rule Chi-square test O Multiplication rule O Dihybrid cross…
A: Probability in genetics: Realizing how to anticipate the likelihood of inheriting specific traits…
Q: 50 states in America are home to more than 2,000 anaerobic digestion (AD) facilities. Millions of…
A: All 50 states in America are home to more than 2,000 anaerobic digestion (AD) facilities. Millions…
Q: 16. EVOLUTION LINK Some organisms-for example, certain fungi-reproduce asexually when the…
A: The complexity of fungal reproduction reflects the variety of behaviors and genetic make-up found in…
Q: Explain the Pasteur effect on the aerobic culture of yeast on glucose, where the rate of glucose…
A: Introduction: Yeast uses its nutrition as an energy source when living in anaerobic environments.…
Q: What is Sexual Dimorphism and its examples? What are the causes and effects of Sexual Dimorphism?
A: Sexual dimorphism Sexual dimorphism refers to the condition , in which there is difference in shape…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- p53 iš an important tumor suppressor gene that is activated in response to a variety of stress signals. Upon activation it induces a cell cycle arrest or cell death. Hence, loss-of-function mutations in the p53 gene are found in almost every type of cancer. How do you predict loss-of-function mutations in the DNA binding domain of the p53 protein affect its function? OIt no longer will act as activator of gene expression O It no longer will act as repressor of gene expression O It no longer will act as activator or repressor of gene expression O It no longer will act as coactivator or corepressorTumor suppressor proteins can assist in slowing down the cell cycle under appropriate conditions. In humans, the TP53 gene encodes a tumor suppressor called p53. Most mutations in the TP53 gene result in a mutant form of p53 that can no longer function to slow down the cell cycle, which can lead to a cell becoming cancerous. However, some mutant forms of p53 actually possess the ability to increase a cell's resistance to anticancer treatments. Which of the following BEST describes the latter type of mutation? loss-of-function mutation gain-of-function mutation suppressor mutation reverse mutationDescribe the steps by which the TP53 gene responds to DNA damage and/or cellular stress to promote cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Given that TP53 is a recessive gene and is not located on the X chromosome, why would people who inherit just one mutant copy of a recessive tumor-suppressor gene be at higher risk of developing cancer than those without the recessive gene?
- What would be the effect of a mutation that inactivates the p14ARF tumor suppressor upon p53 functions?p53 gene, as is the Rb gene, is a tumor suppressor gene. p53 protein binds to DNA leading to the simulation of p21 that work together with cdk2. When p21 is defective and cannot joined to cdk2 the cell cannot pass through to the next stage of cell division. Mutated p53 cannot bind to DNA in an effective way, and therefore the p21 protein is not available to act as the 'stop signal' for cell division. Thus cells divide uncontrollably, and form tumors. Hi, can you please elaborate on this: based on the info above, what is the relationship between genetics and environment in the development of these type of cancer. Which factor (genetics or environment) is playing a larger role in the generation of these types of cancers?One major goal of modern cancer therapy is toidentify small molecules—anticancer drugs—that canbe used to inhibit the products of specific cancer-criticalgenes. If you were searching for such molecules, wouldyou design inhibitors for the products of oncogenes orthe products of tumor suppressor genes? Explain why youwould (or would not) select each type of gene.
- Artificially induced apoptosis (controlled cellular death) is found to be an effective treat- ment for some forms of cancer. Which of the following describes the most likely mechanism by which apoptosis might be induced? A B с D by causing ribosomes to increase the rate of protein synthesis by triggering the division of mitochondria in the cell to increase ATP production by increasing the expression of membrane-bound glucose protein channels by causing lysosomes to release digestive enzymes into the cytosolDiscuss the complete cell cycle in a human cell, mitosis and meiosis, and the regulatory components (i.e. the proteins associated with cellular checkpoints) of the cell cycle. Tumor growth results when the cell cycle checkpoints are ignored. Give an example of how tumor growth could result from either a loss-of-function or a gain-of-function mutation.(46) A mutated form of protein p5x is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies show that the normal p5x molecule binds to DNA, and neoplastic cells accumulate in the G0 phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, the mutated form of p5x does not bin d to DNA. These finding are most characteristics of which of the following? (A) Growht factor receptors (B) GTP-binding protein (C) Nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (D) Oncogene proteins (E) Tumor suppressor gene proteins
- How does the dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints contribute to the development of cancer?Relatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most inherited forms of cancer are defects in tumor-suppressor genes. Give two or more reasons why inherited forms of cancer seldom involve activated oncogenes.Which of these events do you think is likely to promote tumorigenesis in affected cells? Group of answer choices DNA methylation of the promoter region of a tumor suppressor gene Hypermethylation of transcription factors that antagonize Wntsignaling Open chromatin in the region of of DNA harboring an activating mutation of beta-catenin All of these