Compare and contrast spliceosomes and ribosomes. Match each description to the correct structure. Spliceosomes produces mature mRNA Ribosomes Why might spliceosomes and ribosomes be so similar? Answer Bank composed of RNA and protein components has catalytic RNA Both catalyzes peptide bond formation Spliceosomes and ribosomes perform the same catalytic reaction. Both spliceosomes and ribosomes bind to RNA molecules at the same sequences. The catalytic RNAs of both are thought to have originated when RNA molecules served to store information and catalyze reactions. These structures were both obtained by eukaryotes through the process of horizontal gene transfer.

Compare and contrast spliceosomes and ribosomes. Match each description to the correct structure. Spliceosomes produces mature mRNA Ribosomes Why might spliceosomes and ribosomes be so similar? Answer Bank composed of RNA and protein components has catalytic RNA Both catalyzes peptide bond formation Spliceosomes and ribosomes perform the same catalytic reaction. Both spliceosomes and ribosomes bind to RNA molecules at the same sequences. The catalytic RNAs of both are thought to have originated when RNA molecules served to store information and catalyze reactions. These structures were both obtained by eukaryotes through the process of horizontal gene transfer.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11RE

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Briefly describe the function of the following in protein synthesis. a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNA
The Consequences of Ribosome Complexity Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger and more complex than prokaryotic ribosomal. What advantages and disadvantages might this greater ribosomal complexity bring to a eukaryotic cell?
RIPs as Cancer Drugs Researchers are taking a page from the structure-function relationship of RIPs in their quest for cancer treatments. The most toxic RIPs, remember, have one domain that interferes with ribosomes, and another that carries them into cells. Melissa Cheung and her colleagues incorporated a peptide that binds to skin cancer cells into the enzymatic part of an RIP, the E. coli Shiga-like toxin. The researchers created a new RIP that specifically kills .skin cancer cells, which are notoriously resistant to established therapies. Some of their results are shown in FIGURE 9.17. FIGURE 9.17 Effect of an engineered RIP on cancer cells. The model on the left shows the enzyme portion of E. coli Shiga-like toxin engineered to carry a small sequence of amino acids (in blue) that targets skin cancer cells. (Red indicates the active site.) The graph on the right shows the effect of this engineered RIP on human cancer cells of the skin (); breast () liver (); and prostate (). Which cells had the greatest response to an increase in concentration of the engineered RIP?
Translation of mRNA Using the codon chart provided, translate the following messenger RNA sequence into an amino acid sequence (protein). AUG AAA GGU CAC CCC TAG
Melanosomes are specialized lysosomes that storepigments for eventual release by exocytosis. Various cellssuch as skin and hair cells then take up the pigment, whichaccounts for their characteristic pigmentation. Mousemutants that have defective melanosomes often have paleor unusual coat colors. One such light-colored mouse, theMocha mouse (Figure Q13–3), has a defect in the gene forone of the subunits of the adaptor protein complex AP3,which is associated with coated vesicles budding from thetrans Golgi network. How might the loss of AP3 cause adefect in melanosomes?
Description of Activity Prevents the repair or synthesis of phospholipids Breaks open bonds between NAM and NAG Binds to some DNA dependent RNA polymerases Inhibits DNA gyrase activity Prevents initiation of active ribosome formation Binds to reverse transcriptase Inhibits integrase activity Prevents synthesis of essential amino acids by blocking a biochemical pathway Prevents viral capsid from being dissociated Prevents biosynthesis of mycolic acids Binds in the A site of an active ribosome complex Prevents aminoacylation of tRNAs Binds to host cell receptors Interferes with RNA dependent RNA polymerase Denatures cytochrome proteins Blocks ATP synthase permease Binds to peplomers Cidal or Static? Narrow or Broad Spectrum? Effective Against Bacteria? Effective Against Viruses?
Match the descriptions to the molecules of transcription and translation. MRNA [ Choose ] v DNA [ Choose ] FRNA [ Choose ] TRNA [ Choose ]
es/2015347/quizzes/5825805/take The "factory" itself, made of two [Choose] subunits [Choose ] FRNA The site from which the growing polypeptide chain exits the ribosome RELEASE FACTOR CODON RIBOSOME P SITE The processed copy of DNA that UGA carries its sequence of codons to the TRNA ribosome AUG ANTICODON MRNA The carriers of each unique amino acid E-SITE to A-site of the ribosome The three letter message carried to [ Choose ] the ribosome on the "toes" of the TRNA The site from which the now empty [ Choose ] TRNA leaves the ribosome The first codon required to initiate [ Choose ] translation (on the mRNA). The binding chemical that comes along once the STOP codon is encountered: disassembles the ribosomal complex [Choosc] hp
Genetic expression involves transcription and translation. Match the structure or molecule to the step site where amino acid combines with tRNA intron sequences are removed and exons are combined together makes RNA more stable in the cytoplasm region of DNA with sequences that combine with RNA polymerase transcribed strand that will go on to translation connects amino acid to polypeptide chain and leaves tRNA site where tRNA with amino acid enters the ribosome recognized by the protein synthesis machinery enzyme that connects RNA nucleotides to DNA template part of tRNA with nucleotides complementary to mRNA 1. peptide bond 2. 3. antisense strand 4. anticodon loop 5. RNA polymerase 5' cap 6. A site 8. 7. splicing 9. promoter region acceptor stem 10. poly-A tail
Answer whether the following statement is True or False: Diameter of nascent polypeptide exit tunnel in ribosome avoids formation of secondary structures wider than a-helix. Thus, no ß-strands or tertiary structure occurs in ribosome exit tunnel). O True False
These all relate to the translation of genetic informationstored in mRNA into proteins and how chemical information inproteins imparts function to those molecules. Write a brief essaythat discusses the role of ribosomes in the process of translationas it relates to these concepts.
Part 3: Three Types of RNA THREE one amino acids ribosome gene * There are types of RNA. Complete the table below with the function of each type. Type of RNA Function Picture Carries the genetic code for MRNA (messenger) copied from the DNA. Messenger RNA Brings the to TRNA (transfer) the ribosome during protein synthesis. Transfor RNA Makes up the structure of the FRNA the organelle (ribosomal) responsible for making the proteins. Ribosomal RNA