All of the following are characteristic of mannose-binding lectin except Select one: a. acts as an opsonin by binding to mannose-containing carbohydrates of pathogens b. synthesized by hepatocytes C. induced by elevated IL-6 levels d. a member of the collectin family triggers the alternative pathway of complement activation. e.

Q: Concerning the adaptive immunity, which of the following statements is CORRECT:  a. The adaptive…

A: The adaptive immune response does not occur very rapidly. Unlike the innate immune response, which…

Q: Explain classification of interferon’s based on the type of receptor through which signaling takes…

A: Interferons are produced by the cells which are infected by the viruses. These cells signal the…

Q: Name two possible functions of CD8a+ dendritic cells that could account for the results seen in the…

A: Dendritic cells  Dendritic cells are a sort of antigen-presenting cell (APC) that structure a…

Q: Explain the multifaceted role of interferons as first responders to viral infection: What types of…

A: Introduction: - interferons usually belongs to the glycoproteins of low molecular weight. These…

Q: Type I interferons help fight against intracellular infection. Explain how it functions, what type…

A: The diseases that can be spread via air, water, or any other medium from an infected to a healthy…

Q: What is the effect of the changes in the structure of the immunoglobulin G and its function of…

A: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are large globular proteins with a molecular weight of about 150…

Q: You are studying growth factor GFA, which you know stimulates the proliferation of goblet cells in…

A: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation in the…

Q: Shigella, Mycobacterium, and numerous other pathogens have developed mechanisms that prevent them…

A: Pathogens have developed several methods to evade the immune mechanisms of the host. Evasion of the…

Q: John frequently encountered bacterial infections. Tests for immune cells showed the presence of…

A: Complement cascade is the part of innate immunity that consists of lot of proteins acting in a…

Q: Which of the following is not true about the complementsystem?(a) It is a set of more than 20…

A: The complement system is otherwise known as complement cascade and is associated with the immune…

Q: Therapeutic agents are currently being investigated that block the action of selectins in order to…

A: Glycoprotein is a molecule made of glycan and a protein. Glycan is an oligosaccharide chain that is…

Q: Explain the effect of the following changes in the structure of the immunoglobulin G and its…

A: Immunoglobulins are Y-shaped proteins that are made up of glycoproteins. These are produced by…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of a complement control protein? a. decay-accelerating…

A: Complement system- complement system refers to a series of more than 20 proteins circulating in…

Q: Describe briefly the three effector functions of complement activation that result from the initial…

A:

Q: Regarding immune memory, which of the following is CORRECT:  a. immune memory only occurs after…

A: Note: Please note that in order to provide an accurate answer with explanation, and following the…

Q: Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by…

A: Introduction: The proteins that are produced in response to an antigen are called antibodies. It is…

Q: Define plakophilin-2).

A: Plakophilin-2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the PKP2 Gene. It is expressed in skin and…

Q: In general terms, what role do cytokines play in the development of immunity? How does this compare…

A: Detailed explanation: CytokinesCytokines are a broad category of small proteins that are secreted by…

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A: Any alternation in the sequence of nucleotide in the genome of any organism is known as mutation.…

Q: Figure shows a series of events for the response in innate immune defense. a)State ONE main event…

A: Innate immunity is an immunity that is present during the birth of an individual. It is also known…

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A: Antigens are foreign elements that stimulate the production of antibodies by activation of the…

Q: What is the action of Anatomical barriers Inflammation Interferon (type I)?

A: The body system comprising of various organs, tissues, cells, and chemicals that function to protect…

Q: The five classes of immunoglobulin differ in ….   Select one: a. None of the above b. Ability to…

A: Immunoglobulins are the antibodies that are produced from B-lymphocytes of plasma cells.…

Q: Explain why an inherited deficiency in complement components C3 or C4 can result in less efficient…

A: Complement component 3 deficiency is a rare genetic primary immunodeficiency characterised by…

Q: Describe the complement system. Is the order ofprotein interactions important? Why or why…

A: Since its disclosure in the nineteenth century, the complement system has formed into a clinically…

Q: Is this statement is correct or incorrect. Explain with reason and related physiological concepts.…

A:

Q: Describe mechanisms to explain why not all of the anti-thyrotropin receptor antibodies would induce…

A: The endocrine system commands and coordinates the complex actions of the body by secreting chemical…

Q: Which pathway(s) of complement initiation/activation would you expect to occur earlier in response…

A: Introduction  The immune response is the process by which the body recognizes and defends itself…

Q: Some bacterial cells avoid the killing effects of activated complement proteins. How might they do…

A: In the destruction of pathogenic organisms by directing the antibodies towards the destruction of…

Q: The T-cell antigen receptor is similar to immunoglobulin molecules in that it: a. can cross the…

A: Antigens are any foreign bodies that enter the human body. The body has an immune system that…

Q: Which of these statements about gamma interferon is false? a. It is a polypeptide autocrine…

A: The interferon gamma is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of type II class of…

Q: A. Using the table below, match the local and systemic effects in column A with the appropriate…

A: Cytokines are a huge group of proteins, peptides or glycoproteins that are discharged by particular…

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A: Melanoma It is defined as the type of skin cancer in which melanocytes are affected and cause…

Q: 6. Which two cytokines are the major cause of septic shock?

A: Septic shock is a serious problem that can happen when a disease in the body causes very low blood…

Q: Different hypersensitive responses can result from a bee sting. What type of hypersensitivity could…

A: i) This case is of hypersensitivity type 1 as the effect disappears within an hour and does not get…

Q: Which of the following is true about complement? Check all that apply. Three pathways of…

A:

Q: Multiple pathways for regulating complement activation limit the potential damage caused by…

A: The complement pathway is a complicated process that aids in the eradication or suppression of…

Q: List 3 ways that limit the effects of IL-2 to the intended target cells?

A: A cytokine called interleukin-2 (IL-2) is involved in controlling immunological reactions. To reduce…

Q: Indicate to which branch(es) of the immune system the following statements apply, using H for the…

A: The human body may aim its defense against dangerous agents including bacteria, viruses, and poisons…

Q: Father Mark has been ministering in a Pacific Island for years and recently noticed a discolored…

A: While preserving tolerance for self-antigens, the body's immune system is an intricate system of…

Q: Select all of the following statetments that apply to immunological memory:   A. A small…

A: Immunological memory refers to the immune system's capacity to react to infections more quickly and…

Q: What are TLRS? How does this work to ensure to prevent pathogens to cause diseases? Where are the…

A: The innate immune system is the first line of protection in opposition to pathogens, which is…

Q: Two of the major actions of complement are a. increased inflammatory response and cytolysis. b.…

A: The complement system gets activated when it comes in contact with the antibody molecule that is…

Q: Antigen-presenting cells make contact with T-cells via cellular junctions. Which of the following is…

A: There are different cell junctions that are present between the cells that help in cell…

Q: The primary role of complement control proteins that operate in the early stages of complement…

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.