Which of the following does not accurately describe complement components? A. made by the spleen B. located in extracellular spaces C. some function as proteases once activated D. activated by a cascade of enzymatic reactions. E. soluble proteins
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Which of the following does not accurately describe complement components?
| A. |
made by the spleen |
|
| B. |
located in extracellular spaces |
|
| C. |
some function as proteases once activated |
|
| D. |
activated by a cascade of enzymatic reactions. |
|
| E. |
soluble proteins |
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- Complement proteins function in defense by _______. a. neutralizing toxins b. enhancing resident bacteria c. promoting inflammation d. forming pores that cause pathogens to disintegrate e. both a and b f. both c and dWhich of the following does not describe the outcome of complement activation? a. chemotaxis b. opsonization c. vasoconstriction d. proteolysis e. membrane permeabilization.Which of these statements about complement proteins C3a and C5a is false?a. They are released during the complement fixation process.b. They stimulate chemotaxis of phagocytic cells.c. They promote the activity of phagocytic cells.d.They produce pores in the victim plasma membrane.
- The followings are functions of antibody eliminating unknown particles or cells which enter into the body, except... A. Attach to the active side of particle or cell that enters into the body B. Make easier of macrophage to phagositosize unknown particle or cell that enters the body C. Precipitate the unknown particle that dissolves in body fluid D. Initiate the working system of complement E. Eliminate bacteria that grows on endosome of macropahgeWhich of the following is not an example of a complement control protein? a. decay-accelerating factor (DAF) b. factor H c. factor B d. membrane cofactor protein (MCP) e. factor P (properdin) f. factor I.Which of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system? Select one: a. Lysis of bacteria and other foreign cells b. Repair of damaged tissue c. Increased phagocytosis by phagocytic cells (opsonization) d. Attraction and activation of leukocytes
- Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by masking the pathogen surface. b. They act as molecular adaptors that bridge together pathogen and phagocyte surfaces. c. They exert toxic effects directly. d. They act as opsonins that mediate phagocytosis. e. They activate complement fixation.Concerning structure and function of antibodies, which of the following statements is INCORRECT: a. Each antibody can recognise thousands of antigens b. Antibodies can activate complement cascade c. An antibody usually has a complement binding site, a macrophage binding site, and anantigen binding site d. Antibodies can act as opsonins e. Antibodies can neutralise toxins 48) Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune defence: a. Mucous membranes trapping foreign invaders b. Complement proteins stimulating phagocytosis c. Phagocytes killing invaders d. Low pH in stomach preventing bacterial growth e. Vaccines preventing infection by inducing memoryA(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic reactions during complement activation. a. regulator of complement activation b. convertase c. complement control protein module d. zymogen e. opsonin.
- Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation EXCEPT one. Select the one answer that does NOT describe the classical pathway of complement activation. a. It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function. b. It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens. c. Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins. d. It activates T helper cells by presenting antigen to them.Two of the major actions of complement are a. increased inflammatory response and cytolysis. b. recognition and destruction of a specific antigen and cytolysis. c. production of antibody and increased inflammatory response. d. release of cytokines to increase the immune response and production of antibody.Which of the following is the end product of the complement system?a. properdin b. cascade reaction c. membrane attack complex d. complement factor C9
