TLR-4 recognizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide in association with the host accessory proteins MD-2 and CD14. True/False: All mammalian TLRs have been shown to directly bind to microbial products, leading to TLR signaling.

Please explain why

During the early developmental stages of α:β T cells in the thymus, there are two key checkpoints that must be satisfied to permit the progression of T-cell development. Explain what occurs at each checkpoint.

Individuals infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) mount protective antibody responses directed against surface glycoproteins of the virus.   These antibodies are critical to viral clearance.  The act to neutralise any virus trying to infect a person’s cells as well as activating the classical pathway of complement and cytotoxic cell-mediated killing of infected target cells. Having a deficiency in the complement component C3 greatly impairs a person’s ability to control HSV infections.   To understand this further, you will investigate this in the lab.  Using C3-deficient mice, you infect them with HSV at day 0 and then a second time 4 weeks later.           A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a scientific question and is an important part of practical experiments.  A testable hypothesis is statement that can be proved or disproved as a result of experimentation.   Q1. State the problem that you are trying to solve. And then formulate a robust testable hypothesis for your…