Describe the complement system. Is the order ofprotein interactions important? Why or why not?Identify the components of the mannose-binding lectinpathway for complement activation.

Q: Which complement control protein would you consider to be the most detrimental to lose?

A: Complement control proteins (CCP) are proteins which are associated with components of the…

Q: Describe the three main functions of the complementsystem.

A: Introduction  Immune cells are very crucial for our health as they protect our body from the foreign…

Q: The terminal complement proteins polymerize to form pores in membranes that can kill certain…

A: The correct answer is 5. The limited susceptibility to infections of patients with deficiencies in…

Q: Describe the requirements for activation of helper T cells by macrophages. Explain how helper T…

A: T cells or T lymphocytes play a significant role in cell-mediated adaptive immunity. The cytotoxic T…

Q: Inflammation is the hallmark of an activated immune response. Explain how inflammation is triggered…

A: When the immune system of the body response to any trigger or irritant then it is called…

Q: Describe briefly the three effector functions of complement activation that result from the initial…

A:

Q: B) Complement system activation and elimination of a bacterial pathogen "Map the activation of the…

A: The complement system is a part of the body's defence system that enhances the ability of antibodies…

Q: • In what ways does the classical pathway of complementactivation differ from the mannose-binding…

A: The complement system is also known as complement cascade and is a part of innate immune system. The…

Q: Outline and describe the steps of Classical pathway of complement activation; from initiation to…

A: The complement system is part of the body’s immune system. The complement system consists of…

Q: In what ways does innate immunity protect the mammaliandigestive tract?

A: Innate immunity is the natural immunity present in all animals. It is the primary defense mechanism.

Q: Explain the mechanism underlying the molecular structure of C7, C8, and C9 complement protein

A: The complement system consist of 35 proteins found within the plasma or sure to host cells, forms an…

Q: Serum sickness does begin immediately upon the production of anti-BSA antibodies. How does the…

A: Introduction : A hypersensitive reaction is characterised by an immune response to an antigen that…

Q: Complement is an integral part of the innate immune response to bacteria . One of its mechanisms of…

A: The complement system is made up of about 30 serum proteins and glycoproteins. It plays an important…

Q: Explain why an inherited deficiency in complement components C3 or C4 can result in less efficient…

A: Complement component 3 deficiency is a rare genetic primary immunodeficiency characterised by…

Q: Some bacterial cells avoid the killing effects of activated complement proteins. How might they do…

A: In the destruction of pathogenic organisms by directing the antibodies towards the destruction of…

Q: The least abundant immunoglobulin is IgE, for a good reason. Explain what the reason might be

A: Immune responses can be either innate or adaptive. Innate immunity is the inborn resistance, while…

Q: Describe the mechanism of the classical complement pathway and discuss the critical role that the…

A: Introduction :- One of three pathways that activate the complement system, which is part of the…

Q: What is meant by complement fixation? What are cytolysins?

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: Compare and contrast Complement with Immunoglobulins. Include a discussion comparing the four…

A: Complement is a set of plasma proteins that comprise a complement system or complement cascade,…

Q: Why should B cells residing in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues produce IgA?

A: Antibodies are glycoprotein molecules that are concerned with the Humoral immune response of the…

Q: Which of the following is true about complement? Check all that apply. Three pathways of…

A:

Q: Multiple pathways for regulating complement activation limit the potential damage caused by…

A: The complement pathway is a complicated process that aids in the eradication or suppression of…

Q: What triggers the alternative pathway for complement activation?

A: Complementation is a phenomenon that is observed in our immune system which increases the ability…

Q: Explain the steps in the alternative complement pathway at a single site.

A: Complement is a component of the innate immune system that plays a role in leukocyte opsonization,…

Q: How do TLRs recognize PAMPs?

A: Answer: Introduction: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a proteins group which has role in the innate…

Q: All of the following are characteristic of mannose-binding lectin except Select one: a. acts as an…

A: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a soluble protein that is produced by the liver and circulates in…

Q: The primary role of complement control proteins that operate in the early stages of complement…

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: Which of the following proteins downregulates the classical complement cascade by breaking up the C3…

A: The classical complement (CMP) pathway is considered as the method, which helps in the activation of…

Q: Name and explain the three outcomes after complement activation.

A: Three outcomes after complement fixation are:- 1)cell lysis- It occurs after insertion of membrane…

Q: Describe how this humoral response differs from a cell mediated immune response

A: Active immunity includes both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. When the innate immune system…

Q: Describe Two Features of phagocytes that are essential in their response to microbial invasion.

A: Introduction Innate immunity is a natural genotype-based system of defense elements with which an…

Q: Which of the following does not accurately describe complement components?   A. made by the spleen…

A: The complement system is the major effectors of the humoral branch of immune system; this is the…

Q: If C3b was prevented to bind to C5 convertase, would the complement system still illicit an immune…

A: The immune system is responsible for the protection against the pathogens. The white blood cells or…

Q: It would be disastrous if a complement attack werenot confined to the surface of the pathogen that…

A: The complement system interacts with and boosts the immune system's antibodies and professional…

Q: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a disease characterized by lysis of red blood cells, which…

A: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. It is a rare disease that is caused by a mutation in bone…

Q: Describe the control of the alternate pathway of complement activation.

A: Complement system is made up of large number of proteins that are present in the plasma. Complement…

Q: Describe the antiviral functions of type I interferon.

A: Type I interferons are a subgroup of interferon proteins which aids in regulating the activities of…

Q: The complement system supplements the inflammatory response by directly killing microorganisms.…

A: The complement system, also known as the complement cascade, is an immune system component that…

Q: During inflammaion, host tissue may be damaged owing to the release of toxic oxygen derivatives…

A: Phagocytosis is a process in which a cell binds to the item it to engulf an item inward while…

Q: Explain why IgM cannot activate complement by itself.

A: Antibodies which are also known as immunoglobulins are large Y shaped blood proteins produced by the…

Q: Briefly explain the four stages of Complement Cascade.

A: The immune system is the portion of the body responsible for fighting against infections. They…

Q: Three effects of complement activation: (1) inflammation (2) opsonization (3) cytolysis of…

A: The complement system is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins that react with one…

Q: State whether each of the following statements is True Or False. If it is False, explain why. (i)…

A: 1) Nucleated cells tends to be more resistant to compliment mediated lysis than red blood cells?…

Q: True/False: The C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway amplifies the overall magnitude…

A: The complement system is part of the body’s immune system. The complement system consists of…

Q: Describe the steps in the classical complement pathway making sure to include the three ways the…

A: In immunology, complement is a complicated system of around 30 proteins that work together to help…

Q: Identify the mechanism used by phagocytes to inducepathogen killing.

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Q: The complement system is an important part of our defense against infections, describe three ways in…

A: The immune system checks the body for infections or problem-causing chemicals and fights any harmful…

Q: In table form, differentiate Cell mediated from Antibody mediated (humoral) Immunity according to…

A: Immunity It is defined as the ability of organisms to be able to resist harmful microorganisms. It…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.