In what process is tumor necrosis factor (TNF) not involved?a. chemotaxis of phagocytesb. fever c. the inflammatory responsed. the classic complement pathway

Q: They type of acquired immunity that results from the inoculation of immune serum is called: a.…

A: Inoculation is a type of immunization that involves introducing an infectious material onto an…

Q: Which is not one of the four characteristic symptoms of inflammation a-Redness b-Swelling c-Pain…

A: Introduction: Inflammation is the procedure by which ones brain's white blood cells and also the…

Q: Which of the following doesn't occur in the inflammatory response? O A. Decreased vascular…

A: When healthy tissues are wounded by physical/chemical stimuli or are invaded by bacteria, viruses,…

Q: Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. In what process is…

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: Which cytokine does not activate NK cells early in a viral infection? a. IFN-a b. IFN-b c. IFN-g d.…

A: Interferon alpha or a is produced due to leukocytes infected with virus. Interferon beta or b…

Q: The major inflammatory mediator released by degranulating mast cells in type I hypersensitivity is…

A: The body's defence mechanism against allergens, autoimmunity, and venom is hypersensitivity. Pollen,…

Q: What are the glycoproteins used to identify and distinguish white blood cells? a. MHC I b. B-cell…

A: Introduction :- Glycoproteins are the proteins which contain carbohydrates ( mostly oligosaccharide…

Q: Although interferons have several effects, they are particularly useful against infections with…

A: Answer is b.)  viruses.

Q: Which of the following triggers or enhances an inflammatory response? Select one: a. lysozyme Ob.…

A: answer :  The one which can enhance an inflammatory response is  Option : e) Cytokines

Q: In what process is clonal selection important?a. Complement function c. Inflammationb. B cell…

A: Clonal selection is a process that explains how a single B or T cell that recognizes an antigen…

Q: An example of innate immune cells are: A. Macrophages B. Dendritic cells C. T cells D. B cells…

A:

Q: A. vagina B. trachea and bronchi C. skin D. stomach E. mouth select A B C D E 1. villi pushing…

A: 1) vagina - low pH , antibodies and secretions  2) trachea and bronchi - villi pushing material…

Q: Bacterial capsules a. kill phagocytes b. prevent engulfment by phagocytes  c. prevent the…

A: The capsule is referred to as a pathogenicity since it increases bacteria's potential to produce…

Q: Which is/are not part of innate immunity?a. phagocytic cells e. inflammationb. fever f. cytokinesc.…

A: The immune system covers the complex biological reactions that protect the body against invading…

Q: Which pathway of complement activation acts in conjunction with the action of antibodies? А. the…

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens or it is the…

Q: Which of these offers a nonspecific defense against viral infection? a. Antibodies b. Leukotrienes…

A: There are some living organisms that cannot be observed by the naked eye and only can be seen under…

Q: Which pathway(s) of complement initiation/activation would you expect to occur earlier in response…

A: Introduction  The immune response is the process by which the body recognizes and defends itself…

Q: Which of these statements about gamma interferon is false? a. It is a polypeptide autocrine…

A: The interferon gamma is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of type II class of…

Q: Your neighbor gets treated with an antibody therapy for an infection (donor antibodies were given to…

A: A very strong network of cells, organs, and tissues that guard the body against various infections…

Q: Upon reexposure to a pathogen, a memory B cell can differentiate to which cell type? a. CTL b. naïve…

A: Second line defence or non-specific defence is primarily dependent upon Neutrophils, macrophages and…

Q: Protein receptors found on macrophages that recognize foreign antigens a. toll-like receptors…

A: Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that takes part in protecting the body against foreign…

Q: The detrimental effects of Lupus erythematosis are initiated by A. activated T cells attacking…

A: Lupus erythematosus: It is an auto-immune disease, in which the human immune system kills its own…

Q: An example of an inflammatory mediator that stimulates vasodilationisa. histamine b. collagen c.…

A: Inflammation is a localized immunized response that leads to swelling. Redness, pain, numbness,…

Q: Two of the major actions of complement are a. increased inflammatory response and cytolysis. b.…

A: The complement system gets activated when it comes in contact with the antibody molecule that is…

Q: The primary role of complement control proteins that operate in the early stages of complement…

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: These two cells destroy an infected cell by releasing chemicals that cause apoptosis. a. NK cell and…

A: A series of certain molecular reactions might cause the death of a biological cell. This phenomenon…

Q: During removal of cancerous tissue in breast cancer, lymph nodes in the armpit are also removed (if…

A: Mastectomy is a procedure which removes entire breast. Radical mastectomy:In this procedure ,most of…

Q: are cytolytic proteins that binds to target cell's plasma membrane to form pores. a. Chemokines b.…

A: The immune system is a network of cells and  proteins which form a various level of barrier to…

Q: Which pertains to the immune response of a woman who has just inhaled a coronavirus to which she has…

A: Corona virus are a group of RNA viruses which causes disease in mammals and birds. They usually…

Q: Select all of the statements that are true about the grey cell shown in the image. A. This cell is a…

A: In order to protect the body from dangerous invaders like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites as…

Q: A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic…

A: An enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of a reaction without getting used up in…

Q: Which of these statements best describes the purpose of inflammation?

A: Body response to a specific place Against the alien particle is said to inflammation

Q: Which of these pairs are mismatched? a. cytosol: intracellular pathogen b. surface of…

A: Pathogens are organisms that cause disease in their specific host. The severity of the disease…

Q: Which of the following is a type of cytokine? a. mast cell b. lysozyme C c. chemokine O d.…

A: Cytokines are the chemicals produced by the immune cells to protect the non- infected cells.

Q: Suppose a person recovers normally from viral infections, but then gets the same viral infections…

A: The B-lymphocytes or the B-cell and the the T-lymphocytes are t-cells are very important for the the…

Q: Select the incorrect statement regarding the temperature of the immune system. A. Interleukin-1 is…

A: Introduction  The immune system refers to the body's defence processes that produce immunological…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.