In what process is tumor necrosis factor (TNF) not involved?a. chemotaxis of phagocytesb. fever c. the inflammatory responsed. the classic complement pathway

Q: Complement can enhance phadocytosis because of the presence on macrophages and neutrophils of…

A: The correct option is C3b.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a function of the immune system?

A: A complex network of cells, organs and proteins that can defend the body against infection and which…

Q: Concerning the adaptive immunity, which of the following statements is CORRECT:  a. The adaptive…

A: The adaptive immune response does not occur very rapidly. Unlike the innate immune response, which…

Q: Which is not one of the four characteristic symptoms of inflammation a-Redness b-Swelling c-Pain…

A: Introduction: Inflammation is the procedure by which ones brain's white blood cells and also the…

Q: Describe the function of both T and B memory cells in the immune response. What type of immunity do…

A: Memory cells are responsible for the adaptive immune system.  Memory T cells: At resting state, it…

Q: One mechanism by which anti-inflammatory medications like steroids work is by decreasing mast cell…

A: Our body normally produces some steroids but as a medication some steroids have to be taken to…

Q: John frequently encountered bacterial infections. Tests for immune cells showed the presence of…

A: Complement cascade is the part of innate immunity that consists of lot of proteins acting in a…

Q: In HIV, helper T cells are affected. Describe how this impacts both the humoral and cell- mediated…

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system of the body. It creates…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of a complement control protein? a. decay-accelerating…

A: Complement system- complement system refers to a series of more than 20 proteins circulating in…

Q: The following events occur in humoral immunity, leading to an activated B cell in a T dependent…

A: Humoral immunity is a crucial component of the immune system that involves the production of…

Q: čéllš attáčk virally infected cells, usually killing them using what method? O 1) Complement…

A: Adaptive immunity is an immunity that happens following disclosure to an antigen either from a…

Q: complement

A: Option D is answer .    The presentation of the antigens to the T helper cells for their activation…

Q: What is the predicted outcome if a patient receives an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant from…

A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…

Q: Which of the following is a function of cytokines? A. Promote antibody invaders. B. Help T cells…

A: Cytokines : These are small proteins which are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of…

Q: A number of minor cancerous cells and infected viruses, such as Epstein Barr (EBV), are able to go…

A: Cytotoxic T cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes are the type of T lymphocytes that plays a role in…

Q: Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by…

A: Introduction: The proteins that are produced in response to an antigen are called antibodies. It is…

Q: In what process is clonal selection important?a. Complement function c. Inflammationb. B cell…

A: Clonal selection is a process that explains how a single B or T cell that recognizes an antigen…

Q: Which is/are not part of adaptive immunity?a. phagocytic cells e. antigen receptorsb.…

A: Adaptive immunity is a type of immunity that an organism gets after it has been exposed to an…

Q: a. Describe the main elements of the process through which the immune system distinguishes self from…

A: The human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are used to identify self from non-self. As all the cells in…

Q: A nurse caring for adults in a physician’s office notes thatsome patients age more rapidly that…

A: Theories of aging are the attempt to explain the phenomenon of aging. Aging is the process that…

Q: Which pathway(s) of complement initiation/activation would you expect to occur earlier in response…

A: Introduction  The immune response is the process by which the body recognizes and defends itself…

Q: Which event happens last in a humoral immune response? 1) CD4 T cell activation 2) presentation of…

A: The correct option is (d) the production of antibodies.

Q: All of the following occur after B cells leave the bone marrow except a. peripheral tolerance b.…

A: The lymphoid cell production and maturation follow the transition from primary to secondary lymphoid…

Q: Your neighbor gets treated with an antibody therapy for an infection (donor antibodies were given to…

A: A very strong network of cells, organs, and tissues that guard the body against various infections…

Q: Two of the major actions of complement are a. increased inflammatory response and cytolysis. b.…

A: The complement system gets activated when it comes in contact with the antibody molecule that is…

Q: The primary role of complement control proteins that operate in the early stages of complement…

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: What are the roles of the innate immune system? Select all that apply.   A. identity self vs.…

A: Pathogens are disease-causing organisms that can cause humans to become ill or die depending on the…

Q: Select all of the statements that are true about the grey cell shown in the image. A. This cell is a…

A: In order to protect the body from dangerous invaders like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites as…

Q: Which of the following is not a function of antibodies? Select one: a. They neutralize pathogens by…

A: The immune system uses antibodies, often referred to as immunoglobulins, to recognize and destroy…

Q: Which event happens first during cytotoxic T-cell activation?

A: INTRODUCTION;-  The activation of cytotoxic T cell is dependent on several simultaneous interactions…

Q: The type of cell responsible for the secondary response is a_________. Select one: a. mast cell b.…

A: The question is asking to identify the type of cell that is responsible for the secondary response…

Q: Which of the following does not accurately describe complement components?   A. made by the spleen…

A: The complement system is the major effectors of the humoral branch of immune system; this is the…

Q: A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic…

A: An enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of a reaction without getting used up in…

Q: Considering the mechanisms of innate immunity, which of the following pairs is accurately matched?…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the correct pair that accurately describes the role of…

Q: Which of these statements best describes the purpose of inflammation?

A: Body response to a specific place Against the alien particle is said to inflammation

Q: The following are characteristics of innate immune receptors except A. trigger immediate response…

A: Innate immunity is a nonspecific immune response having physical, physiological, cellular, and…

Q: Which of these characteristics is not a major factor in adaptive oracquired immunity?a. specificity…

A: Characteristic Specific immunity developed by lymphocytes in response to antigen termed as adaptive…

Q: Which of these is an example of innate immunity?a. Tears and saliva wash away microorganisms.b.…

A: Humans are always surrounded by microorganisms searching for an opportunistic host. These pathogens…

Q: Which of the following is NOT true regarding the alternative complement pathway? It can be triggered…

A: There are three types of complement pathways: Classical pathway Alternative pathway Lectin pathway

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.