Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321934925
Author: Jeff Hardin, Gregory Paul Bertoni
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 9.7CC
Why don’t glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate) and gluconeogenesis (pyruvate to glucose) simply use the same enzymatic steps in reverse order?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which statement best describes the reason why some of the reactions of glycolysis
cannot be run in reverse in gluconeogenesis?
1)
The last reactions occur in mitochondria and reactions there can never be
reversed.
2) Glycolysis includes isomerization reactions and these can never be reversed.
3)
There are some allaşteric enzymes and allosteric enzymes can never be
reversed.
4)
Some reactions have such large negative free energy changes that they can
never be reversed under cellular conditions.
O
In one of the steps of glycolysis, the enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate; the phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate is transferred to ADP to
form ATP during the reaction. This process is an example of:
A) O ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation
B) O coupling an energy releasing process to an energy requiring process
C) O oxidative phosphorylation
D) OB and C are correct
E) OA and B are correct
The last step of glycolysis converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. Several intermediates involved in the steps for the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate via gluconeogenesis are given. Choose and place the right intermediates produced from these steps in the correct order. (Select from: Oxaloacetate, Ethanol, Pyruvate, Ketoglutarate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Malate, Fumarate)
_________ → _________ → _________ → __________ → Phosphoenolpyruvate
Chapter 9 Solutions
Becker's World of the Cell (9th Edition)
Ch. 9 - How are catabolic and anabolic pathways similar?...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2CCCh. 9 - Why do oxidation and reduction reactions always...Ch. 9 - How can glucose be oxidized in the absence of...Ch. 9 - In the absence of oxygen, why is it necessary to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6CCCh. 9 - Prob. 1QCh. 9 - Why dont glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate) and...Ch. 9 - Why are the key regulatory enzymes in glycolysis...Ch. 9 - Why do cancer cells carry out high rates of...
Ch. 9 - High-Energy Bonds. When first introduced by Fritz...Ch. 9 - The History of Glycolysis. Following are several...Ch. 9 - Glycolysis in 25 Words or Fewer. Complete each of...Ch. 9 - Energetics of Carbohydrate Utilization. The...Ch. 9 - QUANTITATIVE Glucose Phosphorylation. The direct...Ch. 9 - Ethanol Intoxication and Methanol Toxicity. The...Ch. 9 - Propionate Fermentation. Although lactate and...Ch. 9 - QUANTITATIVE Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis. As...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.9PSCh. 9 - Youve Got Some Explaining to Do. Explain each of...Ch. 9 - Arsenate Poisoning. Arsenate (HAsO42) is a potent...Ch. 9 - Life Without Phosphofructokinase. Many bacteria do...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.13PS
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- Why are some enzymes needed only in the gluconeogenesis pathway and not in the glycolysis pathway?arrow_forwardOf the 36 molecules of ATP produced by the complete metabolism of glucose, how many are produced directly in glycolysis alone, that is, before the common pathway?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of the steps of glycolysis which yield pyruvate as the end product? a) They all occur in the cytoplasm. b) They all occur in the mitochondria. c) They occur primarily in the mitochondria. d) They occur primarily in the cytoplasm.arrow_forward
- Why is it important that gluconeogenesis is not the exact reversal of glycolysis?arrow_forwardSuppose that a molecule of glucose is broken down to 2 molecules of pyruvate by glycolysis. Then, those two molecules of pyruvate are recombined by gluconeogenesis to form glucose again. What is the overall input/output of this sequence of reactions?arrow_forwardIn the Alanine Cycle, different organs work together to produce glucose from protein. Which statement below best describes what happens in which organ? a)In liver, pyruvate is transaminated to alanine; in the muscle, alanine is deaminated and pyruvate is used for ATP synthesis. b)In muscle, pyruvate is transaminated to alanine; in the liver, alanine is deaminated and pyruvate is used for gluconeogenesis. c)The liver exports glucose for use by the brain; in the muscle, alanine is deaminated by the urea cycle for use in ATP generation. d)In muscle, pyruvate is transaminated to alanine; in the liver, alanine enters the urea cycle for excretion.arrow_forward
- Gluconeogenesis is like glycolysis but in reverse. Name the 4 enzymes that are responsible for this process. What is its final product?arrow_forwarda) How many moles of ATP can be gained from the catabolism of the following substrates to pyruvate? 2 Mole mannose 2 Mole lactose mole glycerol. b) Name three metabolic processes in the cell that are enhanced and two that are inhibited in response to the hormone insulinarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the glycolysis pathway is FALSE? A) O Two pyruvate molecules are generated. B) O ATP molecules are generated via substrate-level phosphorylation C) O It does not require oxygen to operate D) O ATPS are used (hydrolyzed) in the beginning of glycolysis. E) O None of the above are false; they are all true statementsarrow_forward
- write an essay to Compare the processes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis under the following headings: (A) Starting/end products of each process; (B) Energy requirement /yield of each process; (C) Regulatory steps that control glucose metabolismarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a correct ranking of molecules with respect to their energy value in glycolysis (note: >means “greater than”)? (a) two pyruvates > one glucose (b) one glucose > one fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (c) twoglyceraldehyde-3-phosphates (G3P) > one glucose (d) two pyruvates > one fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (e) two pyruvates > two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphates (G3P)arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a regulatory mechanism for catabolism and anabolism? Phosphorylation of enzymes in glycogenesis and glycogenolysis Modulation of enzymes in glycolysis and the aerobic stage of cellular respiration by intermediates and products of the pathway Conversion of pyruvate to alanine Differences in enzymatic activities in response to variations in the concentration of substrates Activation of gluconeogenesisarrow_forward
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