Chapter 9, Problem 82A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction needs to be classified.

$\text{lithium}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{gold}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{lithium}\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{gold}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Concept introduction:

In a chemical reaction, the reactants are written on the left side of the equation and the product is written on the right side. The product and the reactants contain an arrow between them showing the proceeding of the reaction from the reactants to the products.

A chemical equation is balanced by balancing the number of moles of each element on the reactants and on the products.

In replacement reaction, displacement of one element in a compound by another element takes place.

$\text{AB+}\text{C}\to \text{AC}\text{+}\text{B}$

Answer to Problem 82A

The reaction,

$\text{3Li}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}{\text{AuCl}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to 3\text{LiCl}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{Au}\left(\text{s}\right)$ is a single replacement reaction.

Explanation of Solution

The skeleton equation for the reaction is,

$\text{3Li}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}{\text{AuCl}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to 3\text{LiCl}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{Au}\left(\text{s}\right)$

It is a single replacement reaction because in this reaction, the lithium metal displaces gold metal to generate gold and LiCl.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction needs to be classified.

$\text{iron}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{tin}\left(\text{IV}\right)\text{nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{iron}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{tin}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Concept introduction:

In a chemical reaction, the reactants are written on the left side of the equation and the product is written on the right side. The product and the reactants contain an arrow between them showing the proceeding of the reaction from the reactants to the products.

A chemical equation is balanced by balancing the number of moles of each element on the reactants and on the products.

Answer to Problem 82A

Thereaction,

$\text{Fe}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}{\text{SnNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{FeNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{Sn}\left(\text{s}\right)$ is a single replacement reaction.

Explanation of Solution

The skeleton equation for the reaction

$\text{iron}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{tin}\left(\text{IV}\right)\text{nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{iron}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{tin}\left(\text{s}\right)$ is,

$\text{Fe}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}{\text{SnNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{FeNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{Sn}\left(\text{s}\right)$

It is a single replacement reaction because in this reaction, the iron metal displaces tin metal to generate tin and ${\text{FeNO}}_{\text{3}}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction needs to be classified.

$\text{nickel}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{chloride}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{oxygen}\left(\text{g}\right)\to \text{nickel}\left(\text{II}\right)\text{oxide}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{dichlorine}\text{pentoxide}\left(\text{g}\right)$

Concept introduction:

In a chemical reaction, the reactants are written on the left side of the equation and the product is written on the right side. The product and the reactants contain an arrow between them showing the proceeding of the reaction from the reactants to the products.

A chemical equation is balanced by balancing the number of moles of each element on the reactants and on the products.

In replacement reaction, displacement of one element in a compound by another element takes place.

$\text{AB+}\text{C}\to \text{AC}\text{+}\text{B}$

Answer to Problem 82A

The reaction, is,

${\text{NiCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)\to \text{NiO}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{5}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$ is a combustion reaction.

Explanation of Solution

The skeleton reaction of the given equation,

$\text{nickel}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{chloride}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{oxygen}\left(\text{g}\right)\to \text{nickel}\left(\text{II}\right)\text{oxide}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{dichlorine}\text{pentoxide}\left(\text{g}\right)$ is,

${\text{NiCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)\to \text{NiO}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{5}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

It is a combustion reaction because, in this reaction nickel chloride combines with oxygen to form $\text{NiO}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction needs to be classified.

$\text{lithium}\text{chromate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{barium}\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{lithium}\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{barium}\text{chromate}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Concept introduction:

In a chemical reaction, the reactants are written on the left side of the equation and the product is written on the right side. The product and the reactants contain an arrow between them showing the proceeding of the reaction from the reactants to the products.

A chemical equation is balanced by balancing the number of moles of each element on the reactants and on the products.

Answer to Problem 82A

The reaction,

${\text{Li}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CrO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{BaCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to 2\text{LiCl}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{BaCrO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{s}\right)$ is a double replacement reaction.

Explanation of Solution

The skeleton equation for the reaction $\text{lithium}\text{chromate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{barium}\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{lithium}\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{barium}\text{chromate}\left(\text{s}\right)$ is,

${\text{Li}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CrO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{BaCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to 2\text{LiCl}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{BaCrO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{s}\right)$

It is a is a double replacement reaction because, in this reaction, lithium and barium exchange their anionic partners.