Chapter 9, Problem 107A

Write skeleton equations for the following reactions.

1. $\text{ammonium phosphate(aq) + chromium (III) bromide(aq)}\to \text{ammonium bromide(aq) + chromium (III) phosphate(s)}$

$\text{chromium(VI)hydroxide(s)}\to \text{chromium(VI) oxide(s) + water(l)}$

$\text{aluminum(s) + copper(I) chloride(aq)}\to \text{aluminum chloride(aq) + copper(s)}$

$\text{potassium iodide(aq) + mercury(I)nitrate(aq)}\to \text{potassium nitrate(aq) + mercury(I) iodide(s)}$

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The skeleton equation for the given reaction needs to be determined.

$\text{ammonium}\text{phosphate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{chromium}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{bromide}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{ammonium}\text{bromide}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{chromium}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{phosphate}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Concept introduction:

In a chemical reaction, the reactants are written on the left side of the equation and the product is written on the right side. The product and the reactants contain an arrow between them showing the proceeding of the reaction from the reactants to the products.

A skeleton equation of a reaction is the unbalanced form of reaction which needs to be balanced following the law of conservation of mass.

Answer to Problem 107A

The skeleton equation for the reaction,

$\text{ammonium}\text{phosphate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{chromium}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{bromide}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{ammonium}\text{bromide}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{chromium}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{phosphate}\left(\text{s}\right)$ is,

${\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+CrBr}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{Br}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{CrPO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

To determine the skeleton formula of a reaction, one must know the chemical symbols of elements and compounds.

The formula of ammonium phosphate, chromium bromide, ammonium bromide and chromium phosphate are ${\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}$, ${\text{CrBr}}_{\text{3}}$, ${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{Br}$ and ${\text{CrPO}}_{\text{4}}$ respectively.

So, theskeleton equation for the reaction,

$\text{ammonium}\text{phosphate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{chromium}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{bromide}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{ammonium}\text{bromide}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{chromium}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{phosphate}\left(\text{s}\right)$ can be written as,

${\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+CrBr}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{Br}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{CrPO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The skeleton equation for the given reaction needs to be determined.

$\text{chromium}\left(\text{VI}\right)\text{hydroxide}\left(\text{s}\right)\to \text{chromium}\left(\text{VI}\right)\text{oxide}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{water}\left(\text{l}\right)$

Concept introduction:

In a chemical reaction, the reactants are written on the left side of the equation and the product is written on the right side. The product and the reactants contain an arrow between them showing the proceeding of the reaction from the reactants to the products.

A skeleton equation of a reaction is the unbalanced form of reaction which needs to be balanced following the law of conservation of mass.

Answer to Problem 107A

The skeleton equation for the reaction,

$\text{chromium}\left(\text{VI}\right)\text{hydroxide}\left(\text{s}\right)\to \text{chromium}\left(\text{VI}\right)\text{oxide}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{water}\left(\text{l}\right)$ is,

$\text{Cr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{6}}\left(\text{s}\right)\to {\text{CrO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

To determine the skeleton formula of a reaction, one must know the chemical symbols of elements and compounds.

The formula of chromium hydroxide, chromium oxide and water are $\text{Cr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{6}}$, ${\text{CrO}}_{\text{3}}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ respectively.

So, theskeleton equation for the reaction,

$\text{chromium}\left(\text{VI}\right)\text{hydroxide}\left(\text{s}\right)\to \text{chromium}\left(\text{VI}\right)\text{oxide}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{water}\left(\text{l}\right)$ can be written as,

$\text{Cr}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{6}}\left(\text{s}\right)\to {\text{CrO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The skeleton equation for the given reaction needs to be determined.

$\text{aluminium}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{copper}\left(\text{I}\right)\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{aluminium}\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{copper}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Concept introduction:

In a chemical reaction, the reactants are written on the left side of the equation and the product is written on the right side. The product and the reactants contain an arrow between them showing the proceeding of the reaction from the reactants to the products.

A skeleton equation of a reaction is the unbalanced form of reaction which needs to be balanced following the law of conservation of mass.

Answer to Problem 107A

The skeleton equation for the reaction,

$\text{aluminium}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{copper}\left(\text{I}\right)\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{aluminium}\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{copper}\left(\text{s}\right)$ is,

$\text{Al}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{CuCl}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{Cu}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

To determine the skeleton formula of a reaction, one must know the chemical symbols of elements and compounds.

The formula of aluminium, copper chloride, aluminium chloride and copper are $\text{Al}$, $\text{CuCl}$, ${\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}$ and $\text{Cu}$ respectively.

The skeleton equation for the reaction,

$\text{aluminium}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{copper}\left(\text{I}\right)\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{aluminium}\text{chloride}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{copper}\left(\text{s}\right)$ can be written as,

$\text{Al}\left(\text{s}\right)\text{+}\text{CuCl}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{AlCl}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{Cu}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The skeleton equation for the given reaction needs to be determined.

$\text{potassium}\text{iodide}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{mercury}\left(\text{I}\right)\text{nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{potassium}\text{nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{mercury}\left(\text{I}\right)\text{iodide}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Concept introduction:

In a chemical reaction, the reactants are written on the left side of the equation and the product is written on the right side. The product and the reactants contain an arrow between them showing the proceeding of the reaction from the reactants to the products.

A skeleton equation of a reaction is the unbalanced form of reaction which needs to be balanced following the law of conservation of mass.

Answer to Problem 107A

The skeleton equation for the reaction,

$\text{potassium}\text{iodide}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{mercury}\left(\text{I}\right)\text{nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{potassium}\text{nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{mercury}\left(\text{I}\right)\text{iodide}\left(\text{s}\right)$ is,

$\text{KI}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{HgNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{HgI}\left(\text{s}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

To determine the skeleton formula of a reaction, we must know the chemical symbols of elements and compounds.

The formula of potassium iodide, mercury nitrate, potassium nitrate and mercury iodide are $\text{KI}$, ${\text{HgNO}}_{\text{3}}$, ${\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}$ and $\text{HgI}$ respectively.

The skeleton equation for the reaction,

$\text{potassium}\text{iodide}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{mercury}\left(\text{I}\right)\text{nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to \text{potassium}\text{nitrate}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{mercury}\left(\text{I}\right)\text{iodide}\left(\text{s}\right)$ can be written as,

$\text{KI}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{HgNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\to {\text{KNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}\text{HgI}\left(\text{s}\right)$