Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 13P
For a eukaryotic gene whose transcription require the activity of an enhancer sequence, explain how proteins bound at the enhancer interact with RNA pol II and transcription factors bound at the promoter.
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The transcription of a gene called YFG (your favoritegene) is activated when three transcription factors (TFA,TFB, TFC) interact to recruit the co-activator CRX. TFA,TFB, TFC, and CRX and their respective binding sitesconstitute an enhanceosome located 10 kb from the transcription start site. Draw a diagram showing how youthink the enhanceosome functions to recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter of YFG.
ennar
region of gene X, which determines the length of the tail in mice, is mutated so
that transcription factors bind it at a much higher affinity compared to the wild-type sequence.
What is the most likely phenotypic outcome?
Tail length will not change because the enhancer is a non-coding sequence
Tail length will increased due to increased activity of the gene's promoter
Tail length will decreased because any mutation will cause a loss-of-function of these regulatory regions
Not just the tail will be enlarged because increased activity of the enhancer will impact many genes
RNAP can access the lacz promoter irrespective of whether CAP-CAMP is binding the CAP O
True
O False
Chapter 8 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1PCh. 8 - 8.2 In one to two sentences each, describe the...Ch. 8 - 8.3 Answer these questions concerning...Ch. 8 - 8.4 The diagram below shows a DNA duplex. The...Ch. 8 - The following is a portion of an mRNA sequence:...Ch. 8 - Compare and contrast the properties of DNA...Ch. 8 - The DNA sequences shown below are from the...Ch. 8 - Bacterial and eukaryotic gene transcripts can...Ch. 8 - Describe the two types of transcription...Ch. 8 - What is the role of enhancer sequences in...
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11PCh. 8 - Draw a bacterial promoter and label its consensus...Ch. 8 - For a eukaryotic gene whose transcription require...Ch. 8 - Three genes identified in the diagram as A, B and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15PCh. 8 - 8.16 The segment of the bacterial gene involved in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 17PCh. 8 - Prob. 18PCh. 8 - 8.19 A DNA fragment from the end of the mouse...Ch. 8 - 8.20 Wild-type E. coli grow best at but can grow...Ch. 8 - A mutant strain of Salmonella bacteria carries a...Ch. 8 - 8.22 The human wild-type allele and a certain...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23PCh. 8 - A full-length eukaryotic gene is inserted into a...Ch. 8 - The accompanying illustration shows a portion of a...Ch. 8 - DNA footprint protection (described in Research...Ch. 8 - Suppose you have a 1-kb segment of cloned DNA that...Ch. 8 - Assume that a mutation affects the gene for each...Ch. 8 - 8.29 The DNA sequence below gives the first base...Ch. 8 - 8.30 Genomic DNA from a mouse is isolated,...Ch. 8 - 8.31 A portion of a human gene is isolated from...
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- Name the lambda promoters whose expression is regulated by the cro protein. For each promoter you named, is cro an activator or a repressor of transcription from that promoter?arrow_forwardExplain the process of transcription in eukaryotic systems by considering the CDK9 gene (search more information about the function of CDK9 in relation to RNA polymerase II). If CDK9 is an example of a gene to be transcribed, explain from initiation, elongation, to termination with proteins involved, by including the important general transcription factors, mention which RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardThe yeast gene SER3, whose product has a role in serine biosynthesis, is repressed during growth in nutrient-rich medium, so little transcription takes place, and little SER3 enzyme is produced, under these conditions. In an investigation of the repression of the SER3 gene, a region of DNA upstream of SER3 was found to be heavily transcribed when SER3 is repressed ). Within this upstream region is a promoter that stimulates the transcription of an RNA molecule called SRG1 RNA (for SER3 regulatory gene 1). This RNA molecule has none of the sequences necessary for translation. Mutations in the promoter for SRG1 result in the disappearance of SRG1 RNA, and these mutations remove the repression of SER3. When RNA polymerase binds to the SRG1 promoter, the polymerase travels downstream, transcribing the SGR1 RNA, and passes through and transcribes the promoter for SER3. This activity leads to the repression of SER3. Propose a possible explanation for how the transcription of SGR1 might…arrow_forward
- IIVY is a LysR regulator, and it helps control transcription of a neighboring gene, ilvC. IlvY can either bend the DNA and block RNAP's access to ilvC's -35 promoter site, or it can allow access to the ilvC -35 site, thereby promoting ilvC transcription. What determines whether llvY is repressing or activating transcription from the ilvC promoter? The presence of the co-inducer acetolactate - acetolactate binds to llvY and changes llvY's shape such that it doesn't block the -35 of the ilvC promoter. IlvY represses ilvC transcription when the IlvC protein is bound to llvY, and it activates ilvC transcription when the lvC protein is not present to bind to llvY. The presence of the co-inducer valine - when valine is present, it binds llvY and causes llvY to repress transcription from the ilvC promoter. The presence of the co-inducer acetolactate - acetolactate induces negative supercoiling at the ilvC promoter, which represses ilvC transcription.arrow_forwardNegative supercoiling of DNA favors the transcription of genes because it facilitates unwinding. However, not all promoter sites are stimulated by negative supercoiling. The promoter site for topoisomerase II itself is a noteworthy exception. Negative supercoiling decreases the rate of transcription of this gene. Propose a possible mechanism for this effect and suggest a reason why it may occur.arrow_forwardMost eukaryotic promoters have binding sites for several different transcription factors, and the frequency with which transcription is initiated at a promoter depends on the specific combination of transcriptional regulators bound to their binding sites in that promoter. Transcription of the slither gene in garter snakes is regulated by the transcriptional activators Python and Boa and the transcriptional repressor Sidewinder. Each of these proteins has one binding site in the slither promoter; the affinity of Boa for its binding site is 30 times higher than the affinity of Python for its binding site and 6 times higher than the affinity of Sidewinder for its binding site. Under conditions where Sidewinder is 10 times more abundant than Python, and Python is 3 times as abundant as Boa, would you expect transcription of the slither gene to be activated or repressed? Show or briefly explain how/why you predicted the outcome you chose.arrow_forward
- In 3-4 sentences eachExplain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. Explain the difference between an activator and a repressor? Explain the difference between a promoter and an enhancer? Explain the difference between an intron and an exon? Explain what happens when eIF-2 is phosphorylated and when it is not phosphorylated?arrow_forwardGal4 is a transcription factor that activates transcription of galactose metabolism genes in yeast. These genes are ‘turned on’ when yeast cells need to metabolize galactose. To identify promoter sequences necessary for regulation of transcription of GAL1, reporter gene fusions were made and introduced into yeast cells. Deletions of GAL1 promoter were cloned upstream of LacZ gene. β-Galactosidase activity was measured in presence of galactose. Shown below is a representation of the results obtained. In the diagrams below (not to scale!): • Construct 1 contains ~ 130bp of the promoter, which is predicted to have all the predicted/putative proximal promoter elements (indicated by the solid boxes) needed to regulate transcription of GAL1.• The stippled box is the core promoter.• The arrow represents the transcriptional start site for the reporter gene Lac Z• Number of + signs represents level of transcription• Star represents a mutation in DNA sequence at that location (few nucleotides…arrow_forwardExplain using leucine zipper motifs as an example, how protein-protein interactions between transcription factors containing such motifs can generate diversity in transcriptional activation. Refer to the recognition of DNA elements in gene promoters to justify your answer. Assume transcription factor A binds to DNA element A’, transcription factor B binds to DNA element B’, and so forth.arrow_forward
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