An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
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Question
Chapter 7.4, Problem 52P
(a)
To determine
The estimation for the total power
(b)
To determine
The total energy radiated by body per day compared to the energy in the food.
(c)
To determine
The power per unit mass between the sun and the body.
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(a) Determine the power of radiation from the Sun by noting that the intensity of the radiation at the distance of Earth is 1370 W/m2 . Hint: That intensity will be found everywhere on a spherical surface with radius equal to that of Earth’s orbit. (b) Assuming that the Sun’s temperature is 5780 K and that its emissivity is 1, find its radius.
Assume solar flux falling on a typical panel on planet earth to be 1370 Watts per square meter with sunshine at least half of the year and roughly one quarter of the earth surface bathed in sunlight daily as the planet rotates. The best panels convert photonic energy to electrical energy at about 25 % (efficiency). Given that the world consumes around 600 exaJoules (one exaJ = 1028 J) how much area would be required to power up the world with solar arrays. (Give your answer in square kilometers please!)
Chapter 7 Solutions
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 7.1 - Prob. 3PCh. 7.1 - Prob. 4PCh. 7.1 - Show that when a system is in thermal and...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 7PCh. 7.2 - Prob. 8PCh. 7.2 - Prob. 9PCh. 7.2 - Prob. 11PCh. 7.2 - Prob. 12PCh. 7.2 - Prob. 13P
Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 14PCh. 7.2 - Prob. 15PCh. 7.2 - Prob. 16PCh. 7.2 - Prob. 17PCh. 7.2 - Prob. 18PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 19PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 20PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 21PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 22PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 24PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 25PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 26PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 29PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 32PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 33PCh. 7.3 - Prob. 34PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 37PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 38PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 39PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 40PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 41PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 42PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 43PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 44PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 45PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 46PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 47PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 48PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 49PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 50PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 51PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 52PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 53PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 54PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 55PCh. 7.4 - Prob. 56PCh. 7.5 - Prob. 57PCh. 7.5 - Prob. 58PCh. 7.5 - Prob. 59PCh. 7.5 - Prob. 60PCh. 7.5 - The heat capacity of liquid 4He below 0.6 K is...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 62PCh. 7.5 - Prob. 63PCh. 7.5 - Prob. 64PCh. 7.6 - Prob. 65PCh. 7.6 - Prob. 66PCh. 7.6 - Prob. 67PCh. 7.6 - Prob. 68PCh. 7.6 - If you have a computer system that can do...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 70PCh. 7.6 - Prob. 71PCh. 7.6 - Prob. 72PCh. 7.6 - Prob. 73PCh. 7.6 - Prob. 75P
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- The total rate at which power is used by humans worldwideis approximately 15 TW (terawatts). The solar flux averagedover the sunlit half of Earth is 680 W>m2 (assumingno clouds). The area of Earth’s disc as seen from the Sun is1.28 * 1014 m2. The surface area of Earth is approximately197,000,000 square miles. How much of Earth’s surfacewould we need to cover with solar energy collectors to powerthe planet for use by all humans? Assume that the solar energycollectors can convert only 10% of the available sunlightinto useful power.arrow_forwardA. The planet Venus is different from the earth in several respects: (a) it is only 70 % as far from the sun, so the solar constant is 2800 W/m²; (b) its thick clouds reflect 77% of all incident sunlight and (c) its atmosphere is much more opaque to infrared light. B. (i) Estimate what the average surface temperature of Venus would be if it had no atmosphere and did not reflect any sunlight. (ii) Taking into account the reflectivity of the clouds, estimate the surface temperature. Use the theory of Earth's energy balance to discuss the greenhouse effect.arrow_forward(b) A spherical surface of area 0.7m2, emissivity 0.88 and temperature 120°C is placed in a large, evacuated chamber whose walls are maintained at a fixed temperature. Find the rate at which radiation is emitted by the surface?( Stefan's constant o = 5.67 x 10-8 W/m²Tª ) Energy radiated per second in watts =arrow_forward
- (1a). Figure shows a copper rod AB being heated at one end. Explain how the heat transfers from A to B. What is the name of this method? copper rod B Bunsen burner (1b). The Earth can be considered to be a perfect black body radiator at a temperature of 112 F. Radius of Earth is 6390 km. Calculate the total power radiated from the Earth in Watts (W)arrow_forwardCompute the energy consumption in units of joules per year, gigawatts (GW), and watts per person as (a) fuel, (b) food, and (c) solar radiation for a country of population density 20 person/km2, an area of 1 million km2, and a fuel energy consumption rate of 250 GJ per person per year. Solar radiation reaching the ground is approximately 150 W/m2. The average person consumes food containing 2000 “calories” per day (1 calorie = 4182 J).arrow_forward(1a). Figure shows a copper rod AB being heated at one end. Explain how the heat transfers from A to B. What is the name of this method? copper rod A Bunsen burner (1b). The Earth can be considered to be a perfect black body radiator at a temperature of 130°F. Radius of Earth is 6350 km. Calculate the total power radiated from the Earth in Watts (W)arrow_forward
- If the Kelvin temperature of a spherical object were increased by 20%, by approximately what factor would the rate of radiated energy emitted from its surface be changed?arrow_forwardThermal emission from forehead. Noncontact thermom- eters are used to quickly measure the temperature of a person, to monitor for fever from an infection. They measure the power of the radiation from a surface, usually the forehead, in the infrared range, which is just outside the visible light range. Skin has an emissivity & = 0.97. What is the total power (infrared and vis- ible) of the radiation per unit area when the temperature is (a) 97.0°F (a common early morning temper- ature), (b) 99.0°F (a common late afternoon temperature), and (c) 103°F (a temperature indicating infection)? ww 36.8arrow_forwardWhat is the surface temperature of Betelgeuse, a red giant star in the constellation of Orion, which radiates with a peak wavelength of about 970 nm? (b) Rigel, a bluish - white star in Orion, radiates with a peak wavelength of 145 nm. Find the temperature of Rigel’s surface.arrow_forward
- The wavelength at which the Sun emits its most intense light is about 550 nm. (The Sun's data can be found on the inside back cover of the book; use Stefan's Law to calculate the power.) a) Assuming the Sun radiates as a perfect blackbody, estimate its surface temperature. b) Assuming the Sun radiates as a perfect blackbody, estimate its total emitted power.arrow_forwardIf the absolute temperature of a spherical object were tripled, by what factor would the rate of radiated energy emitted from its surface be changed?arrow_forwardA typical person has a surface area of about 1.4 m^2, and an average sin temperature of 33 degrees Celsius. Determine the net power radiated per unit area if the person’s total emissivity is 97 % and the environment is at room temperature 20 degrees C. How much energy does that body radiate per second?arrow_forward
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