Concept introduction:
Decision making plays an important role in the management. The decisions taken by managers are called managerial decisions. Managerial Decisions are decisions taken by managers for the operations of a firm. These decisions include setting target growth rates, hiring or firing employees, and deciding what products to sell. Manager’s decisions are taken on the basis of quantitative as well as the qualitative measures. The managerial decision includes the decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc. These decisions are taken on the basis of relevant costs.
Relevant costs are the costs that are relevant for any decision making. Relevant costs are helpful for take managerial decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc.
Two basic types of the relevant costs are as follows:
- Out-of-pocket costs
- Opportunity costs
To calculate:
The number of units to be produced for each product to maximize the profit
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Managerial Accounting
- Jonfran Company manufactures three different models of paper shredders including the waste container, which serves as the base. While the shredder heads are different for all three models, the waste container is the same. The number of waste containers that Jonfran will need during the following years is estimated as follows: The equipment used to manufacture the waste container must be replaced because it is broken and cannot be repaired. The new equipment would have a purchase price of 945,000 with terms of 2/10, n/30; the companys policy is to take all purchase discounts. The freight on the equipment would be 11,000, and installation costs would total 22,900. The equipment would be purchased in December 20x4 and placed into service on January 1, 20x5. It would have a five-year economic life and would be treated as three-year property under MACRS. This equipment is expected to have a salvage value of 12,000 at the end of its economic life in 20x9. The new equipment would be more efficient than the old equipment, resulting in a 25 percent reduction in both direct materials and variable overhead. The savings in direct materials would result in an additional one-time decrease in working capital requirements of 2,500, resulting from a reduction in direct material inventories. This working capital reduction would be recognized at the time of equipment acquisition. The old equipment is fully depreciated and is not included in the fixed overhead. The old equipment from the plant can be sold for a salvage amount of 1,500. Rather than replace the equipment, one of Jonfrans production managers has suggested that the waste containers be purchased. One supplier has quoted a price of 27 per container. This price is 8 less than Jonfrans current manufacturing cost, which is as follows: Jonfran uses a plantwide fixed overhead rate in its operations. If the waste containers are purchased outside, the salary and benefits of one supervisor, included in fixed overhead at 45,000, would be eliminated. There would be no other changes in the other cash and noncash items included in fixed overhead except depreciation on the new equipment. Jonfran is subject to a 40 percent tax rate. Management assumes that all cash flows occur at the end of the year and uses a 12 percent after-tax discount rate. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the make alternative. Calculate the NPV of the make alternative. 2. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the buy alternative. Calculate the NPV of the buy alternative. 3. Which should Jonfran domake or buy the containers? What qualitative factors should be considered? (CMA adapted)arrow_forwardShelby Industries has a capacity to produce 45.000 oak shelves per year and is currently selling 40,000 shelves for $32 each. Martin Hardwoods has approached Shelby about buying 1,200 shelves for a new project and is willing to pay $26 each. The shelves can be packaged in bulk; this saves Shelby $1.50 per shelf compared to the normal packaging cost. Shelves have a unit variable cost of $27 with fixed costs of $350,000. Because the shelves dont require packaging, the unit variable costs for the special order will drop from $27 per shelf to $25.50 per shelf. Shelby has enough idle capacity to accept the contract. What is the minimum price per shelf that Shelby should accept for this special order?arrow_forwardA company is analyzing a make-versus-purchase situation for a component used in several products, and the engineering department has developed these data:Option A: Purchase 10,000 items per year at a fixed price of $8.50 per item. The cost of placing the order is negligible according to the present cost accounting procedure. Option B: Manufacture 10,000 items per year, using available capacity in the factory. Cost estimates are direct materials = $5.00 per item and direct labor = $1.50 per item. Manufacturing overhead is $3.00 per item. Based on these data, should the item be purchased or manufactured?arrow_forward
- Theta Metalwork Inc. entered into an exclusive contract with an entity involved in franchising out artisanal candy stores. It will be producing a new design for a metal commercial rack based on the latter's needs. The latter is negotiating for a fixed-price on- demand ordering of the racks over five years. Theta gathered the following data shown in the image. How much should Theta sell each rack so that it can have a product profit margin of 28%? FIXED COSTS Research and Design Manufacturing Distribution Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 TOTALS P 200,000 P 50,000 30,000 P P 230,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 250,000 100,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 Customer Service 80,000 50,000 30,000 30,000 210,000 25,000 25,000 375,000 P 175,000 P 125,000 P 125,000 P 115,000 P 915,000 25,000 Other incremental operating costs TOTALS 25,000 125,000 VARIABLE COSTS PER UNIT Manufacturing 500 P 450 P 450 P 450 P 450 Distribution 100 100 100 100 100 Customer Service 50 50 50 50…arrow_forwardDeep Sea manufactures flotation vests in Charleston, South Carolina. Deep Sea's contribution margin income statement for the month ended August 31, 2024, contains the following data: (Click the icon to view the cost information.) Read the requirements. Suppose Optimum wishes to buy 4,800 vests from Deep Sea. Deep Sea will not incur any variable selling and administrative expenses on the special order. The Deep Sea plant has enough unused capacity to manufacture the additional vests. Optimum has offered $16 per vest, which is below the normal sales price of $20. Requirement 1. Identify each cost in the income statement as either relevant or irrelevant to Deep Sea's decision. Variable Manufacturing Costs Variable Selling and Administrative Costs Fixed Manufacturing Costs Fixed Selling and Administrative Costs Requirement 2. Prepare a differential analysis to determine whether Deep Sea should accept this special sales order. (Enter decreases to revenue or increases to costs with a…arrow_forwardHahn Manufacturing purchases a key component of one of its products from a local supplier. The current purchase price is $1,500 per unit. Efforts to standardize parts succeeded to the point that this same component can now be used in five different products. Annual component usage should increase from 150 to 750 units. Management wonders whether it is time to make the component in-house rather than to continue buying it from the supplier. Fixed costs would increase by about $40,000 per year for the new equipment and tooling needed. The cost of raw materials and variable overhead would be about $1,100 per unit, and labor costs would be $300 per unit produced. so What other considerations might be important?arrow_forward
- Hahn Manufacturing purchases a key component of one of its products from a local supplier. The current purchase price is $1,500 per unit. Efforts to standardize parts succeeded to the point that this same component can now be used in five different products. Annual component usage should increase from 150 to 750 units. Management wonders whether it is time to make the component in-house rather than to continue buying it from the supplier. Fixed costs would increase by about $40,000 per year for the new equipment and tooling needed. The cost of raw materials and variable overhead would be about $1,100 per unit, and labor costs would be $300 per unit produced. so Should Hahn make rather than buy?arrow_forwardThe Cool Can Company manufactures drink koozies and has been approached by a new customer with an offer to purchase 15,000 units at a per-unit price of $7.00. The new customer is geographically separated from Cool Can's other customers, and existing sales will not be affected. Cool Can normally produces 95,000 units but plans to produce and sell only 65,000 in the coming year. The normal sale price is $16 per unit. Unit cost information is as follows: Direct materials Direct labor Variable overhead Fixed overhead. Total In addition, assume that the new customer also wants to have its company logo affixed to each koozie using a label. Cool Can would have to purchase a special logo labeling machine that will cost $12,000 The machine will be able to label the 15,000 units and then it will be scrapped (with no further value). No other fixed overhead activities will be incurred. In addition, each special logo requires additional direct materials of $0.20 $3.10 2.50 1.15 1.00 $8.55…arrow_forwardA thermoplastic film manufacturer is trying to decide between 5 types of thermoforming molding processes to be added to its molding operation. The estimated costs and revenues are shown below. Compare them on the basis of the IRR method and determine which process should be selected if the company's MARR is 7% per year. Select the best alternative by performing an IRR incremental analysis. Justify your answer.arrow_forward
- Special Order Smooth Move Company manufactures professional paperweights and has been approached by a new customer with an offer to purchase 15,000 units at a per-unit price of $7.00. The new customer is geographically separated from Smooth Move's other customers, and existing sales will not be affected. Smooth Move normally produces 85,000 units but plans to produce and sell only 65,000 in the coming year. The normal sales price is $15 per unit. Unit cost information is as follows: Direct materials $3.10 Direct labor 2.25 Variable overhead 1.15 Fixed overhead 1.80 Total $8.30 Suppose a customer wants to have its company logo affixed to each paperweight using a label. Smooth Move would have to purchase a special logo labeling machine that will cost $12,000. The machine will be able to label the 15,000 units and then it will be scrapped (with no further value). No other fixed overhead activities will be incurred. In addition, each special logo requires additional direct…arrow_forwardThe Cool Can Company manufactures drink koozies and has been approached by a new customer with an offer to purchase 15,000 units at a per-unit price of $7.00. The new customer is geographically separated from Cool Can's other customers, and existing sales will not be affected. Cool Can normally produces 82,000 units but plans to produce and sell only 65,000 in the coming year. The normal sales price is $12 per unit. Unit cost information is as follows: Direct materials $3.10 Direct labor Variable overhead Fixed overhead Total 1.50 1.00 1.80 $7.40 However, assume that Cool Can plans to produce and sell 70,000 units in the coming year (rather than the originally anticipated 65,000 units). Required: 1. Using Excel (or some other spreadsheet software tool), calculate the amount by which total operating income increases or decreases if the order is accepted. Decrease -84,000 X 2. Conceptual Connection: Should Cool Can accept the special order when sales at the regular price are expected to…arrow_forwardThe Cool Can Company manufactures drink koozies and has been approached by a new customer with an offer to purchase 15,000 units at a per-unit price of $7.00. The new customer is geographically separated from Cool Can's other customers, and existing sales will not be affected. Cool Can normally produces 82,000 units but plans to produce and sell only 65,000 in the coming year. The normal sales price is $12 per unit. Unit cost information is as follows: Direct materials Direct labor Variable overhead Fixed overhead Total $3.10 1.50 1.00 1.80 $7.40 If Cool Can accepts the order, no fixed manufacturing activities will be affected because there is sufficient excess capacity. Required: Download Excel spreadsheet 1. What are the alternatives for Cool Can? 2. Conceptual Connection: Should Cool Can accept the special order? By how much will operating income increase or decrease if the order is accepted? 3. Conceptual Connection: Briefly explain the significance of the statement in the exercise…arrow_forward
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