Concept introduction:
Decision making plays an important role in the management. The decisions taken by managers are called managerial decisions. Managerial Decisions are decisions taken by managers for the operations of a firm. These decisions include setting target growth rates, hiring or firing employees, and deciding what products to sell. Manager’s decisions are taken on the basis of quantitative as well as the qualitative measures. The managerial decision includes the decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc. These decisions are taken on the basis of relevant costs.
Relevant costs are the costs that are relevant for any decision making. Relevant costs are helpful for take managerial decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc.
Two basic types of the relevant costs are as follows:
- Out-of-pocket costs
- Opportunity costs
To indicate:
The production priority ranking for products
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 7 Solutions
Managerial Accounting
- Assume that the operations manager of a small semi-conductor manufacturer wants to run a Simulation model to better understand the uncertainties related to cost and demand for a particular product. He assumes that the total cost per month could be anywhere between $150,000 and $200,000 with equal likelihood. He also assumes that the demand is normally distributed with a mean of 5,000 items per month and a standard deviation of 1,000. Each item is sold for $95. a) Use the random numbers in the following table to simulate the costs, revenues and profits per month. Use Random Number A to generate the costs and Random Number B to generate the revenues per month and then calculate the profit as the difference between revenues and costs. Complete the table by reporting the minimum, maximum and average profit per month according to this simulation. Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 you b) Can Random A 0.23 you 0.04 0.14 0.07 0.03 0.67 0.26 0.03 0.83 0.32 Cost Random B 0.75 0.89 0.82 0.33 0.96 0.67…arrow_forwardA thermoplastic film manufacturer is trying to decide between 5 types of thermoforming molding processes to be added to its molding operation. The estimated costs and revenues are shown below. Compare them on the basis of the IRR method and determine which process should be selected if the company's MARR is 7% per year. Select the best alternative by performing an IRR incremental analysis. Justify your answer.arrow_forwardThe production department is proposing the purchase of an automatic insertion machine. It has identified three machines and has asked the accountant to analyze them to determine which one has the best average rate of return. Machine A Machine B $45,730.58 $60,103.80 326,647.00 200,346.00 Ca, Machines B and C have the same preferred average rate of return b. Machine C C. Machine 11 d. Machine A Estimated average income Average investment Machine C $74,639.55 497,597.00arrow_forward
- CleanTech manufactures equipment to mitigate the environmental effects of waste. (a) If Product A has fixed expenses of $15,000 per year and each unit of product has a $0.20 variable cost, and Product B has fixed expenses of $5000 per year and a $0.50 variable cost, at what number of units of annual production will A have the same overall cost as B? (b) As a manager at CleanTech what other data would you need to evaluate these two products?arrow_forwardA company is analyzing a make-versus-purchase situation for a component used in several products, and the engineering department has developed these data:Option A: Purchase 10,000 items per year at a fixed price of $8.50 per item. The cost of placing the order is negligible according to the present cost accounting procedure. Option B: Manufacture 10,000 items per year, using available capacity in the factory. Cost estimates are direct materials = $5.00 per item and direct labor = $1.50 per item. Manufacturing overhead is $3.00 per item. Based on these data, should the item be purchased or manufactured?arrow_forwardA manufacturing plant wishes to buy a new equipment so the purchasing department did some research different types of this equipment. In the monthly meeting, the purchasing department presented a report about the two types of equipment that they have found. Pertinent data follows: If the minimum required rate of return is 19%,arrow_forward
- Company XYZ is conducting an engineering economic analysis to decide whether to make vs purchase position for a necessary element needed ins several products. Now the engineering department has established this information: Option A to purchase 10,000 units annually at a fixed price of $8.50 per unit. The cost of placing the order is insignificant as per the present cost accounting procedure. Option B to manufacture 10,000 units annually with a direct labor cost of $1.50 per unit, manufacturing overhead cost is allotted at 200% of direct labor (which is $3.00 per unit) ) and Direct materials cost at $5.00 per unit. Based on the information, should the unit be purchased or manufactured?arrow_forwardYou have two machines under consideration for an improved automated wrapping process for Snickers Fun Size candy bars as detailed below. (a) Using an AW analysis, determine which should be selected at i = 15% per year. (b) Assume you want machine D to be selected and are willing to extend its estimated life, if necessary. Perform this analysis to ensure D’s selection using factors or a spreadsheet. Machine C D First cost, $ −40,000 −65,000 Annual cost, $/year −10,000 −12,000 Salvage value, $ 12,000 25,000 Life, years 3 6arrow_forwardSinbo Electronics is trying to reduce supply chain risk by making more responsible make-buy decisions through improved cost estimation. A high-use component can be purchased for $25 per unit with delivery promised within a week. Alternatively, Sinbo can make the component in-house and have it readily available at a material cost of $3 per unit if equipment costing $155,000 is purchased. Labor and other operating costs are estimated to be $45,000 per year over the study period of 5 years. Salvage is estimated at 10% of the first cost, and the interest rate is 10% per year. Which one of the following values is closest to the break-even quantity? Select one: а. 3,789 b. 3,158 с. 6,341 d. 4,404 e. 11,160arrow_forward
- A company is analyzing a make-versus-purchase situation for a component used in several products and the engineering department has developed these data: Option A: Purchase 10,000 items per year at a fixed cost of Php 340 per item. The cost of placing the order is negligible according to the present cost accounting procedure. Option B: Manufacture 10,000 items per year, using available capacity in the factory. Cost estimates are direct materials= Php 200 per item and direct labor = Php 60 per item. Manufacturing overhead is allocated at 200% of direct labor. Based on these data, should the item be purchased or manufacture?arrow_forwardThe jarvis corporation produces bucket loader assemblies for the tractor industry. The product has a long term life expectancy. Jarvis has a traditional manufacturing and inventory system. Jarvis is considering the installation of a just-in-time inventory system to improve its cost structure. In doing a full study using its manufacturing engineering team as well as consulting with industry JIT experts and the main vendors and suppliers of the components Jarvis uses to manufacture the bucket loader assemblies, the following incremental cost-benefit relevant information is available for analysis: The Jarvis cost of investment capital hurdle rate is 15%. One time cost to rearrange the shop floor to create the manufacturing cell workstations is $275,000. One time cost to retrain the existing workforce for the JIT required skills is $60,000. Anticipated defect reduction is 40%. Currently there is a cost of quality defect assessment listed as $150,000 per year. The setup time for…arrow_forwardThe production department is proposing the purchase of an automatic insertion machine. It has identified three machines and has asked the accountant to analyze them to determine which one has the best average rate of return. Line Item Description Machine A Machine B Machine C Estimated average income $47,060.44 $72,961.50 $73,785.60 Average investment 336,146.00 243,205.00 491,904.00 a. Machine C b. Machine A c. Machines B and C have the same preferred average rate of return. d. Machine Barrow_forward
- Managerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Busines...AccountingISBN:9781337115773Author:Maryanne M. Mowen, Don R. Hansen, Dan L. HeitgerPublisher:Cengage LearningExcel Applications for Accounting PrinciplesAccountingISBN:9781111581565Author:Gaylord N. SmithPublisher:Cengage LearningEssentials of Business Analytics (MindTap Course ...StatisticsISBN:9781305627734Author:Jeffrey D. Camm, James J. Cochran, Michael J. Fry, Jeffrey W. Ohlmann, David R. AndersonPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Principles of Accounting Volume 2AccountingISBN:9781947172609Author:OpenStaxPublisher:OpenStax CollegeCornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Ser...AccountingISBN:9781305970663Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. MowenPublisher:Cengage Learning