Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 3CS
CASE STUDY | Links to autism
As parents of an autistic child, a couple decided that entering a research study would not only educate them about their son's condition, but also help further research into this complex, behaviorally defined disorder. In an interview, researchers explained to the parents that autism results from the action of hundreds of genes and that no single gene accounts for more than a small percentage of cases. Recent studies have identified 18 genes that have a higher likelihood of involvement, referred to as candidate genes; three of these, on chromosomes 2, 7, and 14, are regarded as very strong candidate genes. Generally unaware of the principles of basic genetics, the couple asked a number of interesting questions. If you were the interviewer, how would you respond to them?
With such a complex genetic condition that may also depend on environmental factors, is there a way to calculate the risk that our next child will be autistic?
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. Autism is a neurological disorder thought to becaused by mutant alleles of one or more genes.Scientists had been wondering why the number ofchildren diagnosed as autistic increased dramaticallyin a decade, from 1 in 500 in 2002 to 1 in 88 in 2012.Researchers now think that they might have found atleast part of the answer: Men are fathering children atlater and later ages. A paper published in the journalNature in 2012 showed a correlation between paternalage and the incidence of autism; the age of the motherwas not a factor. How does this observation provide apossible explanation for the apparent increase in therate of autism?
. Discuss how Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can be used to identify genetic risk loci for (a) diseases with complex inheritance and (b) pharmacogenomic genotype-phenotype associations. Draw on specific examples and experimental evidence in your discussion.
1A. Fruit Flies and Genetics Research: Imagine you are working in a genetics lab with the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, a model organism for genetics research. You want to determine whether a trait you have discovered in fruit flies is dominant or recessive.• Explain how you would design an experiment to answer this question.• Predict what types of outcomes are possible. Which would indicate that the trait is dominant? Which would indicate that it is recessive?
1.B Model Genetic Organisms: Why are fruit flies considered a model genetic organism? Would humans fit this description?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 7 -
CASE STUDY | Links to autism
As parents of an...Ch. 7 -
CASE STUDY | Links to autism
As parents of an...Ch. 7 - CASE STUDY | Links to autism As parents of an...Ch. 7 -
CASE STUDY | Links to autism
As parents of an...Ch. 7 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 7 -
CONCEPT QUESTION
2. Review the Chapter Concepts...Ch. 7 - Describe the cytological observation that suggests...Ch. 7 - Why does more crossing over occur between two...Ch. 7 - Why is a 50 percent recovery of single-crossover...Ch. 7 - Why are double-crossover events expected less...
Ch. 7 - What is the proposed basis for positive...Ch. 7 - What three essential criteria must be met in order...Ch. 7 - The genes dumpy wings (dp), clot eyes (cl), and...Ch. 7 - Colored aleurone in the kernels of corn is due to...Ch. 7 - In the cross shown here, involving two linked...Ch. 7 - In a series of two-point map crosses involving...Ch. 7 -
13. Two different female Drosophila were...Ch. 7 -
14. In Drosophila, a cross was made between...Ch. 7 -
15. A cross in Drosophila involved the recessive,...Ch. 7 -
16. Drosophila melanogaster has one pair of sex...Ch. 7 -
17. Drosophila females homozygous for the third...Ch. 7 - In Drosophila, the two mutations Stubble bristles...Ch. 7 -
19. A female of genotype
produces 100 meiotic...Ch. 7 - In a plant, fruit color is either red or yellow,...Ch. 7 - In Drosophila, Dichaete (D) is a mutation on...Ch. 7 - An organism of the genotype AaBbCc was testcrossed...Ch. 7 - Based on our discussion of the potential...Ch. 7 - Prob. 24PDQCh. 7 - DNA markers have greatly enhanced the mapping of...Ch. 7 - Are sister chromatid exchanges effective in...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
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- Talk about the challenges involved in determining the genetic components of polygenic illnesses. Explain complementation groups and how the biochemical underpinnings of disease are determined using them. Hereditary illnesses of genomic instability include Werner syndrome, Bloom syndrome, XP, ataxia-telangiectasia, and Fanconi anemia. Which of these ailments has molecular mechanisms behind it? Which kind of genetic instability is connected to which disorder?.arrow_forward1. What role does a patient's genetics have in their symptoms of muscular dystrophy? What causes various mutations to cause distinct symptoms? (two to three sentences) (Think about why various mutations in different genes cause different illnesses.)2. What can family history teach you about a patient's muscular dystrophy inheritance and, hence, genetic basis? (two to three sentences)3. The X-chromosome contains the mutation that causes Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Explains how this impacts DMD inheritance and why DMD patients are disproportionately male. (two to three sentences)arrow_forwardWhat is the role of imprinting in human genetic disorders? \ Select the two correct answers. Imprinting defects cause myelodysplastic syndrome. Imprinting is a process that leads to human genetic disorders. Imprinting defects cause Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and several others. When mutations occur in imprinted genes, heritable changes in gene activity may occur. Imprinting is a process that cures human genetic disorders. When mutations occur in imprinted genes, only non- heritable changes in gene activity may occur.arrow_forward
- What is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and how does it work? Imagine I predict that an area called the superior temporal gyrus in the right hemisphere is involved in face processing. How could I use TMS to help test my prediction? What does a heritability rate of 35% mean? How does the epigenome differ from the genome?arrow_forwardThe role of the TPMT genotype in response to treatment emphasizes the importance of pharmacogenomics. What changes in treatment would be recommended for someone homozygous recessive for TPMT, compared to someone that is homozygous dominant?arrow_forwardreference text Ph.D Fernando, Harvard Professor of Genetic Epidemiology, knows a thing or two about Twins. He must know as he is head of the Twin Research Department where he works with about 3,500 pairs of identical twins, researching the influence of a person's genes on everything from the probability of being obese, whether or not they have religious beliefs, and, how, do they fall into sentimental issues. Anyone who is a twin, or who has ever met a pair of identical twins, can attest to how remarkably similar they are to each other, even in the rare cases of adopted twins raised in separate homes.A recent article begins with an introduction to two middle-aged twin sisters called Susan and Polly, one of the pairs of twins in the study group of the Department of Research of Harvard. Although they were treated almost as a single person growing up, with cuts from identical hair and clothes, the twins began to diverge in their teens as they they gained the freedom to make their own…arrow_forward
- Name three genes whose mutations lead to an altered behavioral phenotype. Briefly describe the normal function of the mutated gene as well as the altered phenotype.arrow_forwardLO74 Explain how epigenetic markers are inherited. How do epigenetic marks compare in monozygotic twins? They stay the same throughout their lives because monozygotic twins are genetically identical. They are similar early in life but are increasingly dissimilar with age. DNA methylation patterns are similar, but histone acetylation patterns are very different. They are different at birth, but a similar environment during childhood causes them to become more similar with time.arrow_forwardQuestion: The disorder: Red-Green color blindness Explain the mode of inheritance of the disorder (recessive, dominant, x-linked, etc.) . Can a person be a carrier of this disorder? • Describe the probability of having a child with the disorder -- give a specific scenario (ex. both parents are heterozygous for the trait) • Describe the symptoms associated with this disorder Explain the prognosis of a person born with this disorderarrow_forward
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