Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 14P
Figure 7.14a shows the mutagen 5-bromouracil (5-BU), which can resemble either T or C depending on its tautomeric state. The figure first shows 5-BU incorporated into DNA as the T-like tautomer, but then it changes its state to the C-like tautomer during the next round of
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In the human gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells), the first 30 nucleotides in the amino-acid-coding region is represented by the sequence:
3'-TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'.
What is the sequence of the partner strand?
4B. If the DNA duplex for the beta chain of haemoglobin above were transcribed from left to right, deduce the base sequence of the RNA in this coding region.
In the following sequence, a cytosine was deaminated and is now a uracil (underlined).
5’-GGTAUTAAGC-3’
a. Which repair pathway(s) could restore this uracil to cytosine?
b. If the uracil is not removed before a DNA replication fork passes through, what will be the sequences of the two resulting double helices? Provide the sequences of both strands of both helices. Label the old and new strands and underline the mutation(s).
c. Could the mismatch repair pathway fix the mutations you’ve indicated in part b?
d. If the cell undergoes mitosis, and the replicated DNAs are distributed into the two daughter cells. Will 0, 1, or 2 daughter cells have a mutation in this sequence?
At a specific area of this chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to form a replication fork:
3’ C C T A A G C C A T T C G G A 5’
In cells replicating their DNA, the primase enzyme generates a primer from this template sequence, starting at the underlined A (A) of the template. What is the primer sequence (written 5'-->3')?
Group of answer choices
UCCGAAU
ACCGAATCC
ATTCGGA
UGGCUUAGG
UAAGCCU
GGAUUCGGU
Chapter 7 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Ch. 7 - The following is a list of mutational changes. For...Ch. 7 - What explanations can account for the following...Ch. 7 - The DNA sequence of one strand of a gene from...Ch. 7 - Among mammals, measurements of the rate of...Ch. 7 - Over a period of several years, a large hospital...Ch. 7 - Suppose you wanted to study genes controlling the...Ch. 7 - In a genetics lab, Kim and Maria infected a sample...Ch. 7 - The results of the fluctuation test Fig. 7.5 were...Ch. 7 - The following pedigree shows the inheritance of a...Ch. 7 - Autism is a neurological disorder thought to be...
Ch. 7 - Like the yellow Labrador retrievers featured in...Ch. 7 - Remember that Balancer chromosomes prevent the...Ch. 7 - Figure 7.14 shows examples of base substitutions...Ch. 7 - Figure 7.14a shows the mutagen 5-bromouracil 5-BU,...Ch. 7 - So-called two-way mutagens can induce both a...Ch. 7 - In 1967, J. B. Jenkins treated wild-type male...Ch. 7 - When a particular mutagen identified by the Ames...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18PCh. 7 - The Ames test uses the reversion rate His- to His...Ch. 7 - The mutant FMR-1 allele that causes fragile X...Ch. 7 - The physicist Stephen Hawking, famous for his...Ch. 7 - Aflatoxin B1 is a highly mutagenic and...Ch. 7 - In human DNA, 70 of cytosine residues that are...Ch. 7 - Bromodeoxyuridine BrdU is a synthetic nucleoside...Ch. 7 - Albinism in animals is caused by recessive...Ch. 7 - a. In Figure 7.22b, what can you say about the...Ch. 7 - Imagine that you caught a female albino mouse in...Ch. 7 - Plant breeders studying genes influencing leaf...Ch. 7 - In humans, albinism is normally inherited in an...Ch. 7 - a. Seymour Benzers fine structure analysis of the...Ch. 7 - a. You have a test tube containing 5 ml of a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 32PCh. 7 - The rosy ry gene of Drosophila encodes an enzyme...Ch. 7 - Nine rII- mutants of bacteriophage T4 were used in...Ch. 7 - In a haploid yeast strain, eight recessive...Ch. 7 - In Problem 24, you learned that Bloom syndrome is...Ch. 7 - The pathway for arginine biosynthesis in...Ch. 7 - In corn snakes, the wild-type color is brown. One...Ch. 7 - In a certain species of flowering plants with a...Ch. 7 - The intermediates A, B, C, D, E, and F all occur...Ch. 7 - In each of the following cross schemes, two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 42PCh. 7 - The following complementing E. coli mutants were...Ch. 7 - In 1952, an article in the British Medical Journal...Ch. 7 - Mutations in an autosomal gene in humans cause a...Ch. 7 - Antibodies were made that recognize six proteins...Ch. 7 - Prob. 47PCh. 7 - Prob. 48PCh. 7 - In addition to the predominant adult hemoglobin,...Ch. 7 - Most mammals, including New World primates such as...Ch. 7 - Humans are normally trichromats; we have three...
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- All known DNA polymerases catalyze synthesis only in the 5' → 3' direction. Nevertheless, during semiconservative DNA replication in the cell, they are able to catalyze the synthesis of both daughter chains, which would appear to require synthesis in the 3' → 5' direction on one strand. Explain the process that occurs in the cell that allows for synthesis of both daughter chains by DNA polymerasearrow_forwardMany of the gene products involved in DNA synthesis were initially defined by studying mutant E. coli strains that could not synthesize DNA. (a) The dnaE gene encodes the a subunit of DNA polymerase III. What effect is expected from a mutation in this gene? How could the mutant strain be maintained? (b) The dnaQ gene encodes the e subunit of DNA polymerase. What effect is expected from a mutation in this gene?arrow_forwardIf the sequence 5′-AACGC-3′ were damaged by reactive oxygen species, what would be the most prevalent product, and what would be the result of replication? (Note: show both strands after replication)arrow_forward
- As shown, five DnaA boxes are found within the origin of replication in E. coli. Take a look at these five sequences carefully. A. Are the sequences of the five DnaA boxes very similar to each other? (Hint: Remember that DNA is double-stranded; think about these sequences in the forward and reverse directions.) B. What is the most common sequence for a DnaA box? In other words, what is the most common base in the first position, second position, and so on until the ninth position? The most common sequence is called the consensus sequence. C. The E. coli chromosome is about 4.6 million bp long. Based on random chance, is it likely that the consensus sequence for a DnaA box occurs elsewhere in the E. coli chromosome? If so, why aren’t there multiple origins of replication in E. coli?arrow_forwardSupercoiled DNA is slightly unwound compared to relaxed DNA and this enables it to assume a more compact structure with enhanced physical stability. Describe the enzymes that control the number of supercoils present in the E. coli chromosome. How much would you have to reduce the linking number to increase the number of supercoils by five?arrow_forwardThe restriction endonuclease NciI recognizes and cuts the five-base-pair sequence 5’- CC(G/C)GG-3’ [where (G/C) means either G or C will work at that position]. (1) How often, on average, would this sequence occur in random DNA? Assume the DNA contains 25% each of A, G, T & C. (2) After digestion, Nci1 leaves a one-base 5’ overhang. Write/draw the cut site/digested products.arrow_forward
- Shown below is a long template strand of DNA where lagging strand DNA synthesis is occurring. The short horizontal lines represent two Okazaki fragments that have already been made. In the context of the replication fork, select the letter(d–g) that indicates where primase will synthesize the next RNA primer. Explain why did you choose that location?arrow_forwardA certain section of the coding (sense) strand of some DNA looks like this: 5'- ATGGGCCACTCATCTTAG-3' It's known that a very small gene is contained in this section. Classify each of the possible mutations of this DNA shown in the table below. I Don't Know mutant DNA 5'- ATG GGCCACAGTTCTTAG-3' 5'- ATG GG CTCATCTTAG - 3' 5'- ATG GGCCACGCATCTTAG-3' Submit type of mutation (check all that apply) ооооо O point O silent O noisy ооооо insertion deletion insertion O deletion Opoint Osilent noisy insertion O deletion ооооо Opoint silent O noisy X S Ⓒ2023 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center Accessibilityarrow_forwardYou are studying a colony of cells and determine that some of these cells have a mutated DNA polymerase I that results in loss of function of this enzyme. A) What will the effect of the mutation in DNA polymerase I be on DNA replication? In your answer make sure to describe what would be observed in the leading and lagging strand and explain your reasoning. B) Will this mutation in DNA polymerase I have an impact on another step in DNA replication? In your answer make sure to indicate whether DNA replication will be impacted or not. If it is not, explain why. If it is impacted, then describe the step that is impacted and name the molecule or enzyme involved.arrow_forward
- The base analog 5-bromouracil undergoes tautomerization. One tautomer behaves like thymine, and the other behaves like cytosine. If 5-bromouracil is incorporated in the DNA, what is the minimum number of cycle(s) of DNA replication that must occur to mutate the codon for proline (CCC) into the codon for serine (TCC)? A) one cycle B) two cycles C) three cycles D) 5-bromouracil cannot induce this mutationarrow_forwardDepurination of purine bases results in an apurinic site. Assume a single depurination event occurs in the GC base pair of the sequence below and is not repaired. Then, if two rounds of replication occur, which of the following DNA sequences will exist after two rounds of replication? Remember that when DNA polymerases encounter an apurinic site, most often an A is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand. Assume this is true for the sequence below. ...TACT... ...ATGA... Question 7 Select one or more: ...TAGT... ...ATCA... 1. ...TACT... ...ATGA... 2. ...TAAT... ...ATTA... 3. ...TAAT... ...AT_A... 4. ...TA_T... ...ATAA... 5. ...TATT... ...ATAA...arrow_forwardDepurination of purine bases results in an apurinic site. Assume a single depurination event occurs in the GC base pair of the sequence below and is not repaired. Then, if two rounds of replication occur, which of the following DNA sequences will exist after two rounds of replication? Remember that when DNA polymerases encounter an apurinic site, most often an A is incorporated into the newly synthesized strand. Assume this is true for the sequence below. ...TACT... ...ATGA... Question 7 Select one or more: a) ...TAGT... ...ATCA... b) ...TACT... ...ATGA... c)...TAAT... ...ATTA... d) ...TAAT... ...AT_A... . e) ...TA_T... ...ATAA... f)...TATT... ...ATAA...arrow_forward
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