Concept explainers
To write:
The components and functions of the four main biological macromolecules in a table.
Introduction:
Carbon atoms join to form carbon molecules. Similarly, most cells have small carbon compounds that act as the building blocks for large molecules. Smaller organic molecules join together to form macromolecules or
Explanation of Solution
Macromolecule | Components | Functions |
Carbohydrates | Carbohydrates are compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are grouped into monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides | Glucose is a monosaccharide that plays a central role in providing energy. In plants, a carbohydrate called cellulose provides structural support. |
Proteins | Proteins are the building blocks of life. They are formed by amino acids. Amino acids are composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. | About 15% of our total body mass consists of proteins and they are involved in nearly all body functions. The human cells contain about 10,000 different proteins that provide structural support, facilitate transportation of substances in the cells, and |
Lipids | Lipids are composed of fatty acids, glycerol and other components. | The main function of lipids is to store energy. Plants have a waxy coating on their leaves which prevent the loss of water. Organisms require lipids for proper functioning. |
Nucleic acids | Nucleic acids are made of repeating smaller subunits known as | Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules that are involved in storage and transmission of genetic information. Living organisms have two types of nucleic acids- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA). |
The biological macromolecules are divided into four major classes - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
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