Biology Illinois Edition (Glencoe Science)
Biology Illinois Edition (Glencoe Science)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078759864
Author: Alton Biggs
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 6, Problem 47A
Summary Introduction

To write:

The components and functions of the four main biological macromolecules in a table.

Introduction:

Carbon atoms join to form carbon molecules. Similarly, most cells have small carbon compounds that act as the building blocks for large molecules. Smaller organic molecules join together to form macromolecules or polymers. Polymers are formed by repeating units of nearly identical or identical compounds known as monomers joined by a series of covalent bonds. The biological macromolecules are divided into four major classes - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

    Macromolecule Components Functions
    Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are grouped into monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides Glucose is a monosaccharide that plays a central role in providing energy. In plants, a carbohydrate called cellulose provides structural support.
    Proteins Proteins are the building blocks of life. They are formed by amino acids. Amino acids are composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. About 15% of our total body mass consists of proteins and they are involved in nearly all body functions. The human cells contain about 10,000 different proteins that provide structural support, facilitate transportation of substances in the cells, and speed up chemical reactions and control cell growth.
    Lipids Lipids are composed of fatty acids, glycerol and other components. The main function of lipids is to store energy. Plants have a waxy coating on their leaves which prevent the loss of water. Organisms require lipids for proper functioning.
    Nucleic acids Nucleic acids are made of repeating smaller subunits known as nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and hydrogen atoms. Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules that are involved in storage and transmission of genetic information. Living organisms have two types of nucleic acids- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Conclusion

The biological macromolecules are divided into four major classes - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

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Macromolecules | Classes and Functions; Author: 2 Minute Classroom;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5hhrDFo8Vk;License: Standard youtube license