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To review:
The lakes, in which one has three trophic levels and the other has four trophic levels, also to understand which one has the higher net production rate with reason, and the effect of omnivore on the net primary production (NPP), when added to the top of the food web with four trophic levels.
Introduction:
The trophic levels in the food web describe the position of the organism with respect to the energy gained by the organism. For example, the herbivores obtain one-tenth of the energy assimilated by the plants and the carnivores obtain one-tenth of the energy assimilated by the herbivores. Hence, the plants are considered as primary producers, and they occupy first trophic level. The herbivores mainly occupy the second trophic level and the lions occupy the third trophic level. The NPP is measured in terms of the carbon available by plants after respiration.
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Life: The Science of Biology
- EcosystemA hasprimary production of 1000 g C /m2/yr and ecological efficiency of 10%. Ecosystem B has primary production of 300 g C /m2/yr and an ecological efficiency of 25%. a.Which ecosystem will have more production at thesecondary consumer (carnivore) trophic level? b.Which ecosystem is more likely to support an endothermic primary consumer (herbivore)? c.If atrophic level requires at least 1 gC/m2/yr in order to exist, how many trophic levels can each of these ecosystems support?d.Given your answer to part c, which do you thinkhas a larger impact on the energy available at upper trophic levels: primary productivity or efficiency of energy movement across trophic levels?arrow_forwardAt which trophic level would you expect to find the highest concentration of a biomagnifying toxin? O primary producer herbivore mesopredator top carnivore primary consumerarrow_forwardA given ecosystem has the following amounts of energy available at each trophic level: Primary producers: 4,000 gC/m2/day; Primary consumers: 480 gC/m2/day; Secondary consumers: 72 gC/m2/day; Tertiary consumers: 24 gC/m2/day. Does this ecosystem follow Lindeman's Law for ecological efficiency? No, the average efficiency is 20% O Yes, the average efficiency is 10% O No, the average efficiency is 10% O Yes, the average efficiency is 20%arrow_forward
- Which trophic level in an aquatic ecosystem would contain the greatest amount of usable energy? Primary consumers located 150 meters below sea level. Primary producers located 80 meters below sea level. Primary producers located 45 meters below sea level. Primary consumers located 40 meters below sea level.arrow_forwardThe average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is 10%. Use this efficiency to determine how much phytoplankton mass is required to add just 1 gram (0.04 ounce) of new mass to a killer whale, which is a third-level or top carnivore. Create a diagram that summarizes the different trophic levels and the relative size and abundance of organisms at each level. How would your answer change if the efficiency were half the average rate? Twice the average rate?arrow_forwardWhat proportion of energy stored at one trophic level ends up being LOST as it moves to the next trophic level? 10% O 25% O 50% O 75% O 90% o O O Oarrow_forward
- Primary producers Tertiary consumers Secondary consumers Primary consumers and decomposers Which of the following statements is true for different trophic levels in ecosystems? Between 80% and 90% of the energy is lost between most trophic levels. Primary consumers consume less biomass than secondary consumers. Productivity increases with each trophic level. Between 10% and 20% of the energy is lost between most trophic levels. Production of biomass (g/m2/year) 3 30 200 1000arrow_forwardA partial meadow food web is shown. Meadow Food Web Hawk Dragonfly Fox Frog Snake Rabbit Ladybug Mouse Aphid Butterfly Bird Berries Grasshopper Seeds Based on this food web, which organisms are direct sources of energy for secondary consumers? Moucearrow_forwardAlso from the biological standpoint, several types of ECOSYSTEM and their corresponding components are distinguished. Select one type of these ecosystems that you can find near your place of residence. Identify that specific type of ecosystem. Categorize the component organisms present ONLY in that particular ecosystem. Using these representative organisms (those given in 2b above), make a diagram to clearly illustrate a food web to show the flow of energy in that ecosystem.arrow_forward
- What percent of the energy stored at one trophic level is stored at the next trophic level? О 10% О 30% 50% O 90%arrow_forwardIn an ocean ecosystem, the biomass of an algal community is approximately 3000 kilograms. It can support a food chain up to 4 levels. Considering an efficiency at an average of 10% in passing on energy from one trophic level to the next level, how much biomass of the fourth trophic level can be maintained.arrow_forwardAvailability of energy is less for entities at higher trophic levels. Why?arrow_forward