Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 54, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Top down control refers to the situation where the removal of a top predator leads to disruption of the food chain. The top predator regulates the population of herbivores, which in turn regulate the population of plants. The plants regulate the nutrient level through absorption from the soil. Thus, the removal of top predator can result in drastic changes in the ecosystem.
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Which of the following could qualify as a top-down control ona grassland community?(A) limitation of plant biomass by rainfall amount(B) influence of temperature on competition among plants(C) influence of soil nutrients on the abundance of grassesversus wildflowers(D) effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant speciesdiversity
The Jena experiment tested the effects of plant species richness on the ecosystem function of various grassland areas over a 15-year timespan. Ecosystem function was determined by measuring the biomass, soil characteristics, types, and numbers of producers and consumers in the area, and tested to determine the strength of the biodiversity effect on the ecosystem.
The graphs show the ecosystem function at the onset of the experiment (dotted line) versus the ecosystem function at the end of the 15-year experiment (solid line) in four different test sites (A, B, C, and D).
Competition between species on the same trophic tier leads to four potential outcomes, 3 are deterministic (zero sum games where one species goes extinct and the other maximizes their growth to balance at the carrying capacity) and one where both competitors survive, but neither does well.
A) This dynamic suggests that extirpation (local extinction) of populations is a far more likely outcome than co-existence. How does this affect management policies aimed at increasing biodiversity and proliferation of inter and intra population and interspecies variation.
B) Endangered species are defined by low growth rates (r) and low K (reflecting high demand for resources). What are the implications of both these factors on the outcome of competition scenarios, especially the most common scenario of alternate stable states?
Chapter 54 Solutions
Campbell Biology
Ch. 54.1 - Explain how competition, predation, and mutualism...Ch. 54.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 54.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 24.14 illustrates how a...Ch. 54.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 54.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 54.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...
Ch. 54.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 54.5 - WHAT IF? Rabies, a viral disease in mammals, is...Ch. 54 - Interspecific interactions affect the survival and...Ch. 54 - Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a...Ch. 54 - Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more...Ch. 54 - How have periods of glaciation influenced...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.5CRCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 54 - The principle of competitive exclusion states that...Ch. 54 - Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,...Ch. 54 - According to the island equilibrium model, species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The most plausible hypothesis to explain why...Ch. 54 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 54 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 54 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 54 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 54 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In Batesian...Ch. 54 - Prob. 14TYU
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