Which of the following statements about the effects of clear-cutting on the Amazonian forest are true? Select all that apply.   a) Soil moisture is likely to decline. b) Nutrient export is likely to decline. c) Species diversity is likely to decline. d) Atmospheric CO2 is likely to decline.

Which practice would most likely lead to the disruption of an aquatic ecosystem? (A) crop rotation (B) recycling (C) unregulated pesticide use (D) cover cropping

A corn field is harvested and plowed, removing most---but not all---of the vegetation. The field is then abandoned and soon begins to revegetate. (A) Would this be an example of primary or secondary succession? Explain. (B) If the field remains undisturbed, we would expect the plant community to change over time. What changes might you expect? For example, what characteristics might you expect in the early successional species and what characteristics might you expect in the later successional species? For full credit, be sure to explain how the different characteristics are expected to be beneficial at each successional stage. secondary succession. it is not primer. some physical characteristics change over time like size.

7)Which of the following is the best definition of a trophic cascade? a)Significantly changing the population size of one species causes significant changes in the population dynamics of other species b)Adding or removing one species causes significant changes the population dynamics of other species in the community c)Significantly changing the population size of a species at one trophic level causes significant changes in the population dynamics of populations that do not directly interact with this species d)Adding or removing species causes a collapse of the food web for that community e)None of these definitions are accurate

You are studying primary productivity and biodiversity patterns of an ecosystem. The ecosystem is represented by the climatograph below. The Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is measured to be 5000 grams of carbon per square meter per year, and the Total Respiration (RT) is measured to be 300 grams of carbon per square meter per year.  - What kind of biome is this? - Calculate the Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) for this ecosystem - What does the calculated NEP value indicate about the carbon balance and overall productivity of the ecosystem? (one sentence) - Based on both the climatograph and the NEP, what can you say about the biodiversity of plants versus consumers? Choice 1 of 4:plant biodiversity is greater than consumer biodiversity Choice 2 of 4:consumer biodiversity is greater than plant biodiversity Choice 3 of 4:consumer biodiversity is the same as plant biodiversity Choice 4 of 4:lower plant biodiversity compared to consumer biodiversity

What is the relationship between an increase in fossil fuel consumption and increased carbon in terrestrial plants? How might this change flora populations? What impact could twenty years at this level of consumption have on flora? What is the relationship between an increase in total carbon concentration (the smokestack) and increased carbon in the ocean surface? How might this change marine life populations? What impact could fifty years at this level of emissions have on marine fauna? On marine flora? In addition to circulating through the carbon cycle, where else might excess carbon be found? In fifty years, where would you be most likely to see excess carbon? Which areas are most highly (and quickly) affected by an increase in carbon emissions (and increase in fossil fuel consumption)? How would these effects manifest themselves? What are the dangers/benefits to these areas?

In this chapter, we have reviewed how the puzzle of trees might be addressed by population,markets, political economy, and ethics. Is there room for an analysis or set of solutions to  deforestation that relies on institutions, collective action, and common property theory?How are forests and deforestation a collective action problem? What would an institutionalsolution to forest-cover loss look like? What are the limits of viewing trees as commonproperty?

7) Describe how the types of vegetation present on this farmland would change if a fire burned down all the trees 120 years after the land was abandoned.

In a fragmented rainforest, researchers notice a change in plant species composition near the edges compared to the interior. What might be causing this shift? Group of answer choices: A. Lower temperatures at the edges supporting cold-tolerant plant species B. Increased light and wind exposure at the edges favoring the growth of sun-loving and wind-dispersed plant species C. Higher soil moisture at the edges leading to the proliferation of water-demanding plant species D. Increased competition for resources at the edges leading to a decline in plant diversity

Which of the following statements about keystone species is false? a) Keystone species are the most common (abundant) species in their ecosystem. b) The reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone Park increased biodiversity. c) Removal of a keystone species can drastically change an ecosystem. d) Keystone species have a much greater effect on the functioning of their ecosystems than other species.