Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,a community’s species diversity is increased by(A) frequent massive disturbance.(B) stable conditions with no disturbance.(C) moderate levels of disturbance.(D) human intervention to eliminate disturbance.

23. Wayne Sousa glued small boulders in place within an intertidal boulder field in Santa Barbara and discovered that ...   a. low disturbance frequency resulted in a community composed of a mix of r and K-selected species b. low disturbance frequency resulted in a community composed of K-selected species c. species diversity was highest where disturbance frequency was high d. moderate disturbance frequency resulted in a community composed of r-selected species e. species diversity was highest when disturbance frequency was low

Match the following definitions or descriptions of community ecology to the most appropriate vocabulary word A model where there is a unidirectional influence from lowe to higher trophic levels A model where predation mainly controls community organization. An event, such as a storm, fire, flood, drought, or human activity, that changes a community by removing organisms from it or altering resource availability. ✓ [Choose ] top-down model disturbance A term which describes most communities as constantly changing after disturbance Occurs in a virtually lifeless area where soil has not yet formed, such as on a new volcanic island or on the rubble left by a retreating glacier Occurs when an existing community has been cleared by a disturbance that leaves the soil intact secondary succession bottom-up model nonequilibrium model primary succession [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] + +

Succession can be viewed as the effect of ____i____ competition on a community in which ____ii____ species tend to gradually be outcompeted by ____iii____ species. The row below that best completes the statement above is row a. interspecific; r-selected; K-selected b. interspecific; K-selected; r-selected c. intraspecific; r-selected; K-selected d. intraspecific; K-selected; r-selected

Which of the following best predicts the consequences of introducing small Indian mongoose to an island where they did not previously exist?( Invasive species) (Choice A) A The mongoose population will grow rapidly, disrupting the island's community structure by preying on native animals. (Choice B) B The mongoose population size will likely remain smal, and as a result the mongoose population will not be able to outcompete other predator populations for resources. (Choice C) Without any natural diseases, the mongoose population will become established and help increase the species diversity of the island. (Choice D) D Without its typical food sources, the mongoose population will not be able to become established, and the island ecosystem will remain stable. answer explain

Which community is more vulnerable to invasion by outside animals and plants?

None

The Canary Islands are a volcanic island chain off the western coast of Africa with a larger percentage of specialist species than generalist species. If an invasive species is introduced to one of the Canary Islands, which of the following represents an immediate impact? (NOTE: a specialist species has a narrow ecological tolerance, while a generalist has a wide ecological tolerance) The populations of the invasive species on the Canary Islands will decrease as predation increases. The population of the invasive species on the Canary Islands will decrease because they were outcompeted by native specialist species. The populations of both the invasive species and the specialist species on the Canary Islands will remain the same as a result of resource partitioning. The populations of the specialist species on the Canary Islands will decrease as competition for resources increases.

The principle of competitve exclusion states thata) Competition between two species always causes extinction or emigration of one species.b) Two species will stop reproducing until one species leaves the habitat.c) Two species cannot coexist in the same habitat. d) Two species that have exactly the same niche cannot coexist in a community.

Capturing and relocating is stressful for animals.  In the zebra example, what are the stages of reintroduction, and what purpose does each step serve?   Why is the buffalo considered a success story for reintroduction?  (And -- based on what you know from lecture, what type of population growth pattern does this indicate?)   Park managers use the term “adaptive management”; what do you think this means, and what are two benefits of this approach to managing ecosystems?