Campbell Biology
Campbell Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135188743
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 54.2, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction

To determine: How would biomass of grass change if the community organization models, bottom-up model and top-down model are applied.

Concept introduction:

Two community organization models are common: the bottom-up model and the top-down model.

The bottom-up model depicts a unidirectional influence from lower to higher trophic levels in which presence or absence of mineral nutrients controls the plant numbers which in turn controls the herbivore. Herbivore finally controls the predator numbers. Top-down model says that the community organization depends mainly upon the interactions which finally results in predation.

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Questiion: A given ecosystem has the following amounts of energy available at each trophic level: Primary producers: 3,000 gC/m2/day; Primary consumers: 450 gC/m2/day; Secondary consumers: 45 gC/m2/day; Tertiary consumers: 2.25 gC/m2/day. Does this ecosystem follow Lindeman’s Law for ecological efficiency? A- No, the average efficiency is 20% B- Yes, the average efficiency is 20% C- Yes, the average efficiency is 10% D- No, the average efficiency is 10%
F5 Which option below most likely describes the nature of the pollutant and the trophic levels of each of the three species? 5 Pollutant Concentration (ng/g) 30- O Black squares represent a primary producer, red triangles an herbivore, and blue circles a predator. The pollutant is biomagnifying in the community. Blue circles represent a primary producer, black squares an herbivore, and red triangles a predator. The pollutant is biomagnifying in the community. Red triangles represent a primary producer, blue circles an herbivore, and black squares a predator. The pollutant is causing eutrophication of the lake. Red triangles represent a primary producer, black squares an herbivore, and blue circles a predator. The pollutant is neither biomagnifying nor causing eutrophication. F6 O A 6 E Year F7 F8 & 7 F9 * 8 DELL F10 9 F11 FO O ? F12 PrtScr ap 85°F Clear Insert E
WHAT IF? Consider a grassland with five trophic levels:grasses, mice, snakes, raccoons, and bobcats. If youreleased additional bobcats into the grassland, howwould grass biomass change if the bottom-up modelapplied? If the top-down model applied

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