Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 50, Problem 2SYK
Summary Introduction
To arrange: The structures in order to describe the passage of sound waves from the external ear to the perception of sound in the brain.
Introduction: The ear of human is divided into external ear, middle ear, and inner ear. The membrane that separates the external era from the middle ear is known as a tympanic membrane, and the three bones that are present in the middle ear are malleus, incus, and stapes.
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Chapter 50 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 50 - List and describe the four functions common to all...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2IQCh. 50 - Label the parts in the following diagram of the...Ch. 50 - Label the parts of the human eye in the following...Ch. 50 - The receptive field of a ganglion cell includes...Ch. 50 - Prob. 6IQCh. 50 - Identify the components in the following diagram...Ch. 50 - a. Identify the three distinct types of skeletal...Ch. 50 - List an advantage and a disadvantage of each of...Ch. 50 - a. Which mode of locomotion is the most energy...
Ch. 50 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 50 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 50 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 50 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 50 - The eyes of individuals with achromatopsia contain...Ch. 50 - Which of the following structures is incorrectly...Ch. 50 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 50 - The absorption of light by rhodopsin in a rod cell...Ch. 50 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 50 - The role of ATP in muscle contraction is to a....Ch. 50 - How does calcium affect muscle contraction? a. It...Ch. 50 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 50 - Which of the following combinations of animal size...
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- Figure 36.14 Cochlear implants can restore hearing in people who have a nonfunctional cochlea The implant consists of a microphone that picks up sound. A speech processor selects sounds in the range of human speech, and a transmitter converts these sounds to electrical impulses, which are then sent to the auditory nerve. Which of the following types of hearing loss would not be restored by a cochlear implant? Hearing loss resulting from absence or loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti. Hearing loss resulting from an abnormal auditory nerve. Hearing loss resulting from fracture of the cochlea. Hearing loss resulting from damage to bones of the middle ear.arrow_forwardOccupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.24 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second), The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.24 Effects of age aria occupational noise exposure. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities fin decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-okj carpenter (blue). a 50-year-old carpenter (red), arid a 50-year-ofd who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). 1. Which sound frequency was most easily detected by all three people?arrow_forward1) Which of the following best describes a mechanism that helps us locate how far to the left or right a sound in our environment is coming from? certain neurons fire when input from the left and right ear reaches them at the same time neurons in the area postrema fire differentially based on relative volume differences rate coding (namely, the relative distance a sound is from the left or right ear affects the rate of firing) There does not need to be any difference in neural firing; we can just tell where a sound is coming from based on where it SOUNDS like it s coming from! 2) A retinal photoreceptor (rod/cone) is relatively ________ in the dark. Then when light hits it, it gets ________ . depolarized; hyperpolarized hyperpolarized; more hyperpolarized depolarized; more depolarized hyperpolarized; depolarizedarrow_forward
- All sensory organs convert energy in the environment into action potentials in the nervous systern. Explain the process of how our ears convert energy in the form of sound waves in the air into action potentials along a nerve. Include the appropriate order of structures and regions of the ear as well as the physiological process of creating action potentials and interpreting them in the brain.arrow_forwardDiscuss the basic difference between determining the location of a sound source in the brain and determining the location of the visual object in the brain. Please include references.arrow_forwardOtotoxic drugs are drugs that may damage the cochlea, auditory nerve and/or the vestibular system of the ear. The damage caused is usually temporary and symptoms improve once the patient stops taking the drug. However, in some patients, the damage is permanent. Damage to the cochlea is the most common problem associated with these drugs. The reason that hearing loss results when the cochlea is damaged is: Select one: a. The bones in the ear do not amplify or increase the sound vibrations. b. The eardrum cannot transmit vibrations from sound waves to the malleus. c. The Eustachian tube remains open. d. Hair cells within the damaged cochlea do not bend preventing the transmission of an electrical signal to the auditory nerve.arrow_forward
- Describe the pathway and physiology for soundarrow_forwardTrace the pathway of a sound wave from where it enters the ear, to the organ of Corti by naming the structures that it passes through or impacts along the way. (Hint: I count 8 major structures before it enters the Organ of Corti proper)arrow_forwardPut the following parts of the ear in the order in which sounds waves would pass through them: auditory canal, cochlea, cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve, incus, malleus, oval window, stapes, tympanic membranearrow_forward
- Which of the following CORRECTLY contrasts the stereocilia in the cochlea versus the stereocilia in the utricle? a). The stereocilia in the cochlea are surrounded by perilymph, whereas the stereocilia in the utricle are surrounded by endolymph. b). The stereocilia in the cochlea are surrounded by endolymph, whereas the stereocilia in the utricle are surrounded by perilymph. c). The stereocilia in the cochlea are embedded in a tectorial membrane whereas the utricle are embedded in a cupula.d). The stereocilia in the cochlea are embedded in a tectorial membrane whersas the stereocilia in the embedded in a cupula.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a function of the external ear? O To protect against broadband noises such as high explosives O To disregard any cues on the elvation of the sound source To help distinguish ba from pa consonants To match low-impedance sounds to the higher-impedance fluid of the inner ear Objects are perceived by photoreceptors because the rods or cones as their in the presence of light depolarize, pigments are manufactured hyperpolarize; pigments decompose repolarize; pigments remain unchanged depolarize; pigments decomposearrow_forwardInside a recital hall a musician plays a well-known song from the guitar repertoire, to the delight of audience members. A C-major chord is played. Subsequently, the corresponding sound wave, consisting of frequencies 130.8 Hz, 164.8 Hz, and 196 Hz, arrives at a listeners eardrum. Describe what subsequently takes place in the middle ear and in the inner ear (on the Basilian membrane) before the nervous system begins processing the stimulus.arrow_forward
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