Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 50, Problem 8IQ
- a. Identify the three distinct types of skeletal muscle fibers.
- b. Which type of fiber has few mitochondria, has little myoglobin, and produces brief, powerful contractions?
- c. Which type of fiber would you expect to be present in the highest proportion in postural muscles?
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a. What is the fundamental contractile unit of skeletal muscle?
b. What are the names of the bands, lines and zone of the contractile unit of skeletal muscle?
c. Each of the contractile unit region names in (b) contains a letter. What does each of these letters stand for?
d. What changes occur in the contractile unit regions during contraction?
A.What type of contractions do skeletal muscles do?
B. What type of contractions do cardiac muscles do?
C.a. What type of contractions do smooth muscles do?
a. Describe the relationship between stimulus voltage and the force of contraction
b. What was the smallest voltage required to produce a contraction (the threshold voltage)? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this small response?
c. What do you conclude happened to the number of fibers contracting as the voltage was raised from threshold to that required to produce a maximal contraction?
Chapter 50 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 50 - List and describe the four functions common to all...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2IQCh. 50 - Label the parts in the following diagram of the...Ch. 50 - Label the parts of the human eye in the following...Ch. 50 - The receptive field of a ganglion cell includes...Ch. 50 - Prob. 6IQCh. 50 - Identify the components in the following diagram...Ch. 50 - a. Identify the three distinct types of skeletal...Ch. 50 - List an advantage and a disadvantage of each of...Ch. 50 - a. Which mode of locomotion is the most energy...
Ch. 50 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 50 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 50 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 50 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 50 - The eyes of individuals with achromatopsia contain...Ch. 50 - Which of the following structures is incorrectly...Ch. 50 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 50 - The absorption of light by rhodopsin in a rod cell...Ch. 50 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 50 - The role of ATP in muscle contraction is to a....Ch. 50 - How does calcium affect muscle contraction? a. It...Ch. 50 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 50 - Which of the following combinations of animal size...
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- a. Three kinds of muscle cells- cardiac, smooth and skeletal- differences between their anatomy? Remember that skeletal muscle fibers are a fusion of many cells b. Why are “muscles” like biceps and pecs called “organs”?arrow_forwardDescribe the major events that occur when a muscle fiber contracts. Include all chemicals, structures and processes at a microscopic level starting at the neuromuscular junction and ending with the relaxation of the muscle fiberarrow_forwardIn skeletal muscle, the sarcolemma is directly covered by: a) epimysium. b) perimysium. c) endomysium.arrow_forward
- Name the characteristics of muscles. Name the muscle functions. Name the types of muscles and mention to characteristics of each. Name the organization of muscle tissue from largest to the smallest. Name the major parts of a muscle fiber. Name the three layers of connective tissue membranes in muscles and mention to their locations. Define the structure of a sarcomere. Explain the sliding filament mechanism. Name the stages of sliding filaments in order. Briefly explain each. Explain the structure of NMJ and name the steps of muscle stimulation in order. Name the sources of muscle energy and briefly explain each. Define a motor unit. Name the stages of a muscle twitch in order. Define wave summation, unfused and fused tetanus. Name the types of muscle contraction and briefly explain each. Chapter 12 You should be able to: Classify the nervous system in to two major parts. Name the organs in CNS and PNS. Name the two major types of nerves and mention to their numbers. Mention to…arrow_forwardSlow twitch muscle fibers are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: O a) used in endurance type of activities O b) contract rapidly and forcefully Oc) resistant to fatigue O d) have a direct relationship to the oxidative energy systemarrow_forwardFast-twitch muscle fibers are also called type ________fibers and slow-twitch are called type _____________fibers. A, B I, II II, I B, Aarrow_forward
- 3) List and define the organizational structure of skeletal muscle beginning with the sacrcomere up ABC to a whole muscle. 4) Explain the differences between the zones and bands of a sarcomere. 5) List and explain the differences between contractile and non-contractile proteins. 6) What are the agonists, synergists, and antagonists to go from sitting to standing from a chair. 7) Provide an every day example of each of the 3 types of muscle actions. Name the muscle involved as well as the movement. 8) Why do we store energy as ATP and resynthesize it, instead of just storing all we need. 9) What are the differences between resting, steady state, and maximal metabolic rate? 10) Why would someone measure arm circumference? How would that be helpful? 11) MRI results in a grayscale of 0 (black) to 256 (white) for each pixel of tissue. How do we tell the difference between different types of tissue in the cross section of a limb (arm or leg, e.g. what's the difference between muscle and fat,…arrow_forwardObserve a cross-section of skeletal muscle. Are all the muscle fibers the same diameter?arrow_forwardA. A hypothetical genetic disease causes the body to produce antibodies that compete with acetylcholine for receptors on the motor end plate. Patients with this disease exhibit varying degrees of muscle weakness. If you could administer a drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase or a drug that blocks acetylcholine, which one would you use to alleviate these symptoms? Briefly explain the effect that each of these two drugs would have on muscle physiology. B. Megan wants to enter a weight-lifting competition and consults you as to what type of muscle fibers she needs todevelop and how she should go about it. What types of workouts would you suggest to her? Briefly explain why.arrow_forward
- Characteristics of smooth muscles fibers are: spindle shaped, unbranched, unstriated, uninucleate and involuntary spindle shaped, unbranched, multistriated, uninucleate and involuntary cylinderical, unbranched, unstriated, uninucleate and involuntary Cylindrical, unbranched, striated, multinucleate and involuntary Fat cells are characterized by: affected by starvation present in adults they are heat insulator they have signet ring appearance abundant mitochondriaarrow_forward(a). What is the role of calcium ions and troponin during contraction in striated muscles of humarrow_forwardA. During the knee bend, identify the thigh muscles that are performing the following:Concentric isotonic contraction:Eccentric isotonic contraction: B. As you return to an upright position, identify the thigh muscles that are performing the following.Concentric isotonic contraction:Eccentric isotonic contraction:arrow_forward
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