Inside a recital hall a musician plays a well-known song from the guitar repertoire, to the delight of audience members. A C-major chord is played. Subsequently, the corresponding sound wave, consisting of frequencies 130.8 Hz, 164.8 Hz, and 196 Hz, arrives at a listeners eardrum. Describe what subsequently takes

Draw a simple (typical of somatic senses) and a complex (typical of special senses) sensory neuron (receptor). Where applicable, label the cell body, the axon, the nerve endings, myelin, and the axon terminal.

What is this figure showing overall? Describe what is happening in each step below. Be sure to use the scientific names of the structures involved. DO NOT FORGET TO DISCUSS HOw VOLUME AND PITCH ARE DISCERNED. (10 points) Auditory ossicles |Malleus Incus Stapes Cochlear branch of CN VIII Oval window Scala vestibuli Cochlear duct External acoustic meatus -Vestibular membrane - Basilar membrane Scala tympani Tympanic membrane Round window Auditory tube

Which neural processing strategy best describes high frequency sound localization. a. Delay lines. b. Coincidence detection. c. None of the answers. d. All of the answers. e. Summation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input.

The cerebellum is involved in maintaining balance and coordination. The cerebellum receives sensory information from different sensory receptors to do this. It receives visual input from the eyes. Its movement and position, called proprioception, are determined with the help of proprioceptors in the muscles and joints. Which of the following structures is/are NOT involved in coordinating balance? a. Basilar membrane in the organ of Corti b. Rods and Cones in the retina c. Otoliths in the utricle and saccule d. Cupula in the semicircular canals

Receptors within the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity project to the glomeruli, which project to the mitral cells, which project as cranial nerve one to the pyriform and the entorhinal cortex located in the anterior and medial temporal lobe. What's odd about this sensory pathway, unlike other sensory pathways? Select one: a. it does not show sensory adaptation b. there is no thalamic nuclei processing olfactory infomation prior to processing in the primary cortex c. loss of smell can be a result of damage to the temporal lobe or damage to the olfactory receptor cells d. it processes information ipsilaterally e. the primary olfactory cortex is not part of the telencephalon

a) choose one part of the auditory sensorineural mechanism--the inner ear or retrocochlear auditory pathway--and describe how sound is transduced through that part of the auditory system, and (b) comment on how the anatomy of that part of the ear enables normal auditory sensorineural physiology.

Blindsight is the condition in which someone with damage in the primary visual cortex reports that they cannot see an object, but can usually guess what that object is.  This means that some visual representation must reach the frontal speech area.  What non-thalamic pathway might do that?   Question 8 options:   A)  The pathway through the suprachiasmatic nucleus   B)  The dorsal visual pathway   C)  The pathway through the superior colliculus   D)  The magnocelluar or M pathway

1)  Which of the following best describes a mechanism that helps us locate how far to the left or right a sound in our environment is coming from?     certain neurons fire when input from the left and right ear reaches them at the same time     neurons in the area postrema fire differentially based on relative volume differences     rate coding (namely, the relative distance a sound is from the left or right ear affects the rate of firing)     There does not need to be any difference in neural firing; we can just tell where a sound is coming from based on where it SOUNDS like it s coming from!   2)  A retinal photoreceptor (rod/cone) is relatively ________ in the dark. Then when light hits it, it gets ________ .     depolarized; hyperpolarized     hyperpolarized; more hyperpolarized     depolarized; more depolarized     hyperpolarized; depolarized

Trace the pathway of a sound wave from where it enters the ear, to the organ of Corti by naming the structures that it passes through or impacts along the way. (Hint: I count 8 major structures before it enters the Organ of Corti proper)