Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 50, Problem 16TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Acetylcholine is a chemical neurotransmitter, which acts as neuromuscular junctions and leads to the contraction of muscles. The deficiency of acetylcholine may cause several diseases like myasthenia gravis, and its excessive release also leads to abnormal conditions.
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Botulism toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions. What effect does this have on the muscle activity? a. Muscles will contract continuously. b. Muscles will contract sporadically, without conscious control. c. Muscles will not contract because they will not receive nerve stimulation. d. There will be no effect on muscle activity
Which component is responsible for initially stimulating a muscle contraction? a. proteins b. electrochemical signals c. plasma membranes d. striations
What do skeletal muscle contractions share in common with smooth muscle contractions?a. Both types of contractions do not require calcium ions for a contraction to occur.b. Both types of contractions generate little force or a weak force.c. Both types of contractions consume very little ATP.d. Both types of contractions result from thick and thin filaments sliding past one another.
Chapter 50 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 50 - List and describe the four functions common to all...Ch. 50 - Prob. 2IQCh. 50 - Label the parts in the following diagram of the...Ch. 50 - Label the parts of the human eye in the following...Ch. 50 - The receptive field of a ganglion cell includes...Ch. 50 - Prob. 6IQCh. 50 - Identify the components in the following diagram...Ch. 50 - a. Identify the three distinct types of skeletal...Ch. 50 - List an advantage and a disadvantage of each of...Ch. 50 - a. Which mode of locomotion is the most energy...
Ch. 50 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 50 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 50 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 50 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 50 - The eyes of individuals with achromatopsia contain...Ch. 50 - Which of the following structures is incorrectly...Ch. 50 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 50 - The absorption of light by rhodopsin in a rod cell...Ch. 50 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 50 - The role of ATP in muscle contraction is to a....Ch. 50 - How does calcium affect muscle contraction? a. It...Ch. 50 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 22TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 23TYKCh. 50 - Which of the following combinations of animal size...
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- How does the nervous system grade the force of muscle contraction? a. Only by recruiting additional motor units b. Only by varying the firing rate of the motor neurons Oc. By varying the firing rate of the motor neurons and by recruiting additional motor units d. By using more motor neuron poolsarrow_forwardWhich is a false statement about skeletal muscle structure?a. A myofibril is composed of multiple muscle fibers.b. Most skeletal muscles attach to bones by connective-tissue tendons.c. Each end of a thick filament is surrounded by six thin filaments.d. A cross-bridge is a portion of the myosin molecule.e. Thin filaments contain actin, tropomyosin, and troponin.arrow_forwardWhat happens when myosin filaments hydrolyze ATP molecules in muscles? a. Actin–myosin complexes dissociate, leading to muscle contraction. b. Actin–myosin complexes dissociate, leading to muscle relaxation. c. Actin–myosin complexes are formed, leading to muscle contraction. d. Actin–myosin complexes are formed, leading to muscle relaxation.arrow_forward
- Which arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle?a. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides.b. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from all directions.c. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from one side.d. The muscle fibers on one side of a tendon feed into it at a certain angle and muscle fibers on the other side of the tendon feed into it at the opposite angle.arrow_forwardWhich protein is not part of the thin filament in a muscle fiber? A. Actin B. Myosin C. Tropomyosin D. Troponinarrow_forwardWhich statement about striated skeletal muscle is true? A. The tension generated by a muscle is invariable. B. Mechanical summation of twitches in a muscle fiber leads to a graded increase in the tension that is above that generated by a single twitch. C. A single action potential arriving at the neuromuscular junction is not sufficient to cause a muscle fiber to twitch. D. Muscle twitches are able to mechanically sum when Ca2+ is quickly and completely removed from the sarcoplasm between action potentials. E. An action potential in the muscle cell activates contraction by releasing Na+ into the sarcoplasm.arrow_forward
- What is the physiological mechanism that produces a quick and efficient skeletal muscle response to an external stimulus? A. voluntary motor commands from the brain B. temporal and spatial summation C. sensory nerve input to the brain D. spinal reflex arc E. endocrine secretory responsearrow_forwardWhich statement about muscles is NOT right? A. tendons connect muscle organs to bones B. One motor neuron can activate many different muscle fibers C. Smooth muscles receive messages from neurons via little swollen areas that release neurotransmitters D. Skeletal muscles are triggered to contract when motor neurons release adrenalin neurotransmitters in the synapsearrow_forwardWhat event causes a troponin-tropomyosin complex to regain its original shape in muscle relaxation? a. stimulation of ACh receptors b. diffusion of Na+ back into transverse tubules c. return of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. breaking of the bond with tropomyosinarrow_forward
- What is the role of ATP in muscle function? a. ATP provides energy that enables myosin to form cross bridges with actin. b. ATP enables myosin to detach from actin. c. ATP provides energy to transport calcium back into storage. d. all of the abovearrow_forwardIf implanted electrodes were used to stimulate action potentials in gamma motor neurons to flexors of the left arm, which would be the most likely result?a. inhibition of the flexors of the left armb. a decrease in action potentials from muscle-spindle receptors in the left armc. a decrease in action potentials from Golgi tendon organs in the left armd. an increase in action potentials along alpha motor neurons to flexors inthe left arme. contraction of flexor muscles in the right armarrow_forwardWhich event listed above is the point at which myasthenia gravis interrupts the process? A. Nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal B. Synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft C. Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft D. Acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end platearrow_forward
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