To predict: The response of pancreas when an individual eats a hot fudge sundae.
Introduction: The pancreas is an elongated organ located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. It is considered as the heterocrine gland, because it releases their secretions into the blood and digestive tract. The function of pancreas is to release insulin and glucagon into the blood, which is necessary to maintain the glucose concentration in the blood.
To determine: The antagonistic actions of insulin and glucagon in regulating the blood.
Introduction: The pancreas is an elongated organ located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. It is considered as the heterocrine gland, because it releases their secretions into the blood and digestive tract. The function of pancreas is to release insulin and glucagon into the blood, which is necessary to maintain the glucose concentration in the blood.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 49 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
- Figure 37.11 Pancreatic tumors may cause excess secretion of glucagon. Type I diabetes results from the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. Which of the following statement about these two conditions is true? A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will have the opposite effects on blood sugar levels. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hyperglycemia. A pancreatic tumor and type I diabetes will both cause hypoglycemia. Both pancreatic tumors and type I diabetes result in the inability of cells to take up glucose.arrow_forwardThe chemical bisphenol-A (BPA) is used to make plastic bottles and to line cans. Evidence from animal experiments and epidemiological studies indicates that the risk of obesity rises with increased BPA intake. How might the endocrine-disrupting effects of such a chemical influence body weight?arrow_forwardGiven insulin's structure, where is its target likely located? Insulin's adverse side effects include headache, nau- sea, hunger, confusion and weakness. What can these symptoms be attributed to? Insulin has major effects on muscle and adipose tissue. It increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane, decreases the rate of lipolysis, and increases uptake of triglycerides and some amino acids from the blood. In doing so, what metabolic processes does it favor? Carbohydrates: Lipids: Proteins:arrow_forward
- Chronic stress or GC exposure can cause insulin resistance. The influence of GC on insulin is complex, but leads to hyperinsulinemia (high circulating insulin levels) and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is typically caused by a decreased number of insulin receptors on the cell surface. Speculate on a mechanism resulting in a decreased number of insulin receptors.arrow_forwardConsidering the endocrine function of adipose tissue, why is it so hard for people to maintain weight loss? I was thinking from the adipose tissue there is: adiponectin → hormone synthesized by adipose cells → reduce cellular insulin resistance + protects blood vessels from inflammation + atherosclerosis. However, the levels of the hormone are lower in people who are obese. But I'm not sure if that is correct or not.arrow_forwardDiscuss and trace the pathway of the production of insulin, starting from the stimulation by glucose.arrow_forward
- You eat a sandwich and the components are: bread, cucumber, your choice of meat or non-meat protein (ex: tofu), cheese. Respond to the following questions regarding digestion and energy balance 1. What is the hormone ratio for glucagon and insulin after eating the sandwich. Create a graph of how blood glucose levels change within 20 minutes of eating the sandwich. . 2. What state(s) is your body in (circle one for each pair): post absorptive/absorptive, catabolic/anabolic, fasted/fed 3. Create a chart/drawing showing where digestion takes place for each component (bread/veggies, cheese, protein choice). • location • phase • absorbable unit one hormone/secretion/enzyme that aids in the process what organs contribute and if they are exocrine or endocrine cells participatingarrow_forwardIdentify the major components of a negative feedback loop and explain what would happen if secretion of insulin controlled by a negative feedback system became too great.arrow_forwardIn the answer, discuss insulin and glucagon. (You do not need to talk about the other hormones that influence glucose levels when stress levels are high.) For each hormone, state the stimuli that causes secretion, the cell that secretes the hormone, the metabolic pathways stimulated by the hormone and the overall effect of each hormone.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about insulin istrue?a. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carryingglucose across the cell membrane.b. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellularglucose transporters to the cell membrane.c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of storedglycogen into glucose.d. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorbglucose into the bloodstreamarrow_forwardWhere are the receptors for insulin located?a. in the pancreatic beta cellsb. in the blood plasmac. on the target-cell membraned. in the target-cell cytoplasme. in the target-cell nucleusarrow_forwardWhy is it that hormones act only on their target organs? Name hormones that have most body organs as their target organs. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may lead to marked increase/ decrease, respectively, in body weight. Why is that so? Discuss the similarities and differences between thyroid hormone and steroid hormones. Illustrate the secretion of insulin hormonearrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningEssentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:Cengage
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax