Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 49, Problem 8TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The endocrine system is the chemical signaling system that uses blood vessels as information channels. The endocrine glands are ductless organs located within the organ systems. They contain groups of endocrine cells that secrete their hormones directly into their surroundings.
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Microscopic Anatomy of Selected Endocrine Glands
12. Choose a response from the key below to name the hormone(s) produced by the cell types listed.
Key: a. calcitonin
b. GH, prolactin
c. glucagon
1.
parafollicular cells of the thyroid
follicular cells of the thyroid
beta cells of the pancreatic islets
4. alpha cells of the pancreatic islets
5.
2.
d. glucocorticoids
e. insulin.
f. mineralocorticoids
3.
basophil cells of the anterior pituitary
6.
7.
9. PTH
h. T4/T3
i. TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
zona fasciculata cells
zona glomerulosa cells
8.
parathyroid cells
9. acidophil cells of the anterior pituitary
Functions of Various Hormones
1. Increases water reabsorption in the kidney tubules
2. Promotes the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys to increase water reabsorption
3. Regulates secretion of hormones by anterior pituitary gland
4. Stimulates mitosis and promotes bone and muscle growth
5. Raises blood glucose level in response to long-term stress
6. Triggers fight-or-flight response for short-term stress
Match four of the functions numbered above with the
rmones given below.
Function:
Antidiuretic
Hormone:
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Epinephrine
hormone
1. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
2. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
3. Arenocorticotropic
Hormone (ACTH)
4. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
5. Prolactin (PRL)
6. Growth Hormone (GH)
A. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
B. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
kisspeptin
Hypothalamus
Anterior
Pituitary Gland
FSH = CAMP
LH = CAMP
Testes
Males:
protein integrates nutrient, endocrine
& environmental signals to release GnRH in 60-90 min intervals
Luteinizing Hormone
LH
1. LH stimulates
secretion of
Gonadotropin
Releasing Hormone
GNRH
testosterone
Follicle Stimulating
Hormone
FSH
1.FSH stimulates Sperm production
2.FSH stimulates secretion of
inhibits the release of FSH
inhibin
3.FSH stimulates release of androgen binding protein (ABP)
which binds to testosterone to enhance spermatogenesis)
hormone that
in fetus
TESTOSTERONE then stimulates:
1. Dev of External genitalia
At puberty:
2.
Sexual drive = libido
3.
Sexual behaviors
Secondary sexual characteristics (ex: hair
4. Dev and maintenance of male…
Chapter 49 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 49.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 49.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 49.1 - Identify four main chemical groups to which...Ch. 49.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 49.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 49.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 49.1 - Prob. 4CCh. 49.2 - Compare four types of endocrine signaling.Ch. 49.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 49.2 - Prob. 2C
Ch. 49.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 49.3 - Compare the mechanism of action of small,...Ch. 49.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 49.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 49.3 - What is the mechanism of action of a hormone that...Ch. 49.4 - Prob. 6LOCh. 49.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 49.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 49.5 - Identify the classical vertebrate endocrine glands...Ch. 49.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 49.5 - Describe the actions of the thyroid and...Ch. 49.5 - Contrast the actions of insulin and glucagon, and...Ch. 49.5 - Describe the actions and regulation of the adrenal...Ch. 49.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 49.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 49.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 49.5 - Prob. 4CCh. 49.5 - Prob. 5CCh. 49 - A cell secretes a product that diffuses through...Ch. 49 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 49 - Prob. 14TYU
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- 5 Matching: Match the following endocrine organs with the hormone(s) each secretes. A. Parathyroid hormone B. Insulin and glucagon Pineal gland Thyroid gland C. Steroid hormones Pancreas D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine E. Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin F. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone G. Melatonin H. Thymosin and thymopoietin Thymus Parathyroid glands Adrenal cortex Anterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Which of the following is not true regarding endocrine organ histology? a. The thyroid gland consists of rings of simple cuboidal follicle cells surrounding colloid. b. The pancreas has an exocrine portion consisting of pancreatic islets and an endocrine portion consisting of aci- nar cells. c. The adrenal cortex has three zones of cells that secrete three different types of hormones. d. The adrenal medulla is modified nervous tissue of the sympathetic nervous system.arrow_forward9. If the concentration of a plasma carrier was diminished, what would this do to the half-life of a steroid? a. increase half-life b. decrease half-life c. no change d. it depends on the steroid 10. Put the steps involved in generation and release of peptide hormones in the correct order: 1)cleavage into active hormone 2) transport into blood capillary 3)mRNA translation and preprohormone entrance into the ER 4) release signal into ECF 5)vesicular transport into Golgi apparatus 6)signal sequence peptide cleavage into prohormonearrow_forwardwhich are/is true? select those that apply. A. insufficient growth releasing hormone (GHRH) results in pituitary dwarfism. B. Insufficient growth hormone results in pituitarydwarfism. C. abbnormally high secretion of growth hormones is typicallythe result of a hormone-secreting tumor of the parathyroid gland. D. acromegaly is the result of excess growth hormone during adolescence and puberty.arrow_forward
- 7. A 45-year-old man was admitted to a hospital with complaints of depression, lack of appetite, general and muscular weakness. The examination revealed a parathyroid adenoma. The blood parathyroid hormone level was increased. What caused in the patient symptoms? For answer: a) indicate the chemical structure of parathyroid hormone, name the stimuli of its secretion, target organs; b) draw the scheme of hormonal signal transduction mechanism; e) describe the biological effects of parathyroid hormone excessive secretion and explain these symptoms development.arrow_forwardMatching 1. Match the hormone on the left with its function on the right. ADH a. decreases blood sugar b. increases thyroid hormone secretion c. regulates cell metabolism d. increases steroid release e. increases uterine contractions f. decreases urination g. prolongs sympathetic response h. stimulates tissue growth i. increases blood sugar j. increases milk production in females insulin - glucagon oxytocin epinephrine thyroxine - prolactin _ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) TSH - growth hormonearrow_forwardMicroscopic Anatomy of Selected Endocrine Glands 12. Choose a response from the key below to name the hormone(s) produced by the cell types listed. Key: a. calcitonin glucocorticoids d. e. insulin g. PTH h. T4/T3 b. GH, prolactin c. glucagon f. mineralocorticoids i. TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH 1. parafollicular cells of the thyroid 2. follicular cells of the thyroid 3. beta cells of the pancreatic islets 4. alpha cells of the pancreatic islets 5. basophil cells of the anterior pituitary 6. 7. 8. 9. zona fasciculata cells zona glomerulosa cells parathyroid cells acidophil cells of the anterior pituitaryarrow_forward
- 1. What are tropic hormones? 2. What are TRH and TSH? 3. Why are they referred to as tropic hormones? 4. Which cells in the thyroid help in producing T3 and T4? 5. Which trace elements is critical for the synthesis of T3 and T4? 6. Which cells in the thyroid gland produce calcitonin? 7. Which mineral is regulated by calcitonin?arrow_forward7. Name the hormone(s) produced in inadequate amounts that directly result in the following conditions. 1. diabetes insipidus 2. tetany 3. diabetes mellitus 4. abnormally small stature, normal proportions 5. myxedema (a lower-than-normal metabolic rate) 8. Name the hormone(s) produced in excessive amounts that directly result in the following conditions. 1. in the adult: large bones of the hands, feet, and face 2. nervousness, irregular pulse rate, sweating 3. demineralization of bones, spontaneous fracturesarrow_forward6. With regards to the following hormones, know a) which endocrine gland releases it (the source) b) on what target cell/organ the hormone acts and c) what effect the hormone causes: Hormone Source Target cell/organ Effect Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin Oxytocin Vasopressin, ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Growth hormone # 24 % & 3 4 7 W E R T Y * C0 < COarrow_forward
- PART 1 : Identify two sets of antagonistic hormones PART 2: Select the correct choice from the drop-down menu to complete the following sentences. a. Hypersecretion of thyroxine in the thyroid gland results in the Answer ( increase or decrease) of TSH from Answer.(hypothalamus or anterior pituitary gland) b.Hyposecretion of cortisol in the adrenal glands results in the Answer (increase or decrease) of Answer ( ACTH or gnRH or epinephrine) from the anterior pituitary gland.arrow_forwardMicroscopic Anatomy of Selected Endocrine Glands 12. Choose a response from the key below to name the hormonets) produced by the cell types listed. Key: a calcitonin d. glucocorticoids 9. PTH h. TUT, f. mineralocorticoids LTSH, ACTH, FSH, LH b. GH, prolactin c. glucagon 1. parafollicular cells of the thyroid 2. follicular cells of the thyroid 3. beta cells of the pancreatic islets 4. alpha cells of the pancreatic islets 5. basophil cells of the anterior pituitary 6. 7. zona fasciculata cels zona glomerulosa cells 8 parathyroid cells 9. acidophil cells of the anterior pituitaryarrow_forward2. There are several functions of the thyroid hormone: list 3 major effects of thyroid hormone (T3/T4):arrow_forward
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