Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 47, Problem 18TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The ordering of cells and tissues into characteristic structures in the proper locations in the animal is termed as pattern formation.
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What statement best describes the difference between "fate maps" and "specification"?
If cells are transplanted from their normal region in an embryo to a different region in a recipient embryo, such cells will alter their fate, but not their specification.
Cell fate map describes the allocation of cells to the germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm, whereas specification describes the exact tissues that each cell will ultimately become.
The fate map of an embryo does not change during development -- the fate map of an egg is the same as the fate map of a late blastula -- whereas the specification map of an embryo changes continually as the embryo's development proceeds.
The fate map of a cell is determined by labelling that cell and following it during normal development, whereas the specification state of a cell is determined by culturing a cell in an artificial medium and observing what tissues form from it.
For pattern formation to occur, the cells in the developing embryo must
a. “know” their position in the embryo.
b. be determined during the earliest divisions.
c. differentiate as they are “born.”
d. must all be reprogrammed after each cell division.
Which mechanism prevents an ovum from being fertilized by multiple sperm cells?
Select one:
a. When more than a single sperm cell fuses with the plasma membrane, multiple zygotes can form, leading to the conception of twins or triplets.
b. When a sperm fuses with the plasma membrane of the egg, depolarization of the membrane occurs.
c. Once a sperm penetrates the jelly-like coating of the egg, no other sperm cells can penetrate the coating.
d. The egg can only survive in the Fallopian tube for 24 hours as it does not have mitochondria to produce energy.
Chapter 47 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 47 - a. What assures that only a sperm of the correct...Ch. 47 - Prob. 2IQCh. 47 - Prob. 3IQCh. 47 - Prob. 4IQCh. 47 - Label the indicated structures in the following...Ch. 47 - Prob. 6IQCh. 47 - Prob. 7IQCh. 47 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 47 - Fill in the following table, briefly describing...Ch. 47 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 47 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 47 - The blastocoel a. develops into the archenteron or...Ch. 47 - In a frog embryo, gastrulation a. is slowed by the...Ch. 47 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 47 - To which portion of the developing embryo do cells...Ch. 47 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 47 - Use the following diagram of a chick embryo for...Ch. 47 - During gastrulation in the frog embryo, a new...Ch. 47 - Gastrulation and organogenesis in mammals most...Ch. 47 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 20TYK
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- Why is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell? a. As cells develop, signaling pathways can cause some genes to be turned off during development. b. Adult cells have different DNA content than do embryonic stem cells. c. Emybronic stem cells pose less of a threat for organ rejection as do an individual s own adult cells. d. It is no easier to manipulate emybronic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell.arrow_forwardOf the following cell types, which one would be most likely to exist in the G0 state? A. An epithelial cell in the intestine of a developing embryo B. A primary spermatocyte C. An intestinal epithelial cell line growing rapidly in a cell culture dish D. A differentiated intestinal epithelial cell in an adultarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true about frogs eggs and blastula formation? Choose all possible answers a. denser yolk in the animal hemisphere. b. Cleavage is holoblastic c. first cleavage plane is meridional and bisects the gray crescent, revealing the existence of some factor(s) that determine(s) the initial orientation of the cleavage spindle. d. first furrow also marks the plane of bilateral symmetry in the body e. All four blastomeres differ in sizes. f. All of the following are true about eggs of frogs.arrow_forward
- Gastrulation... A. Is a specialized form of cell division that partitions the cytoplasm of a fertilized egg B. Refers to the fusion of haploid gametes to give a diploid zygote C. Produces an embryo with either two or three distinct cell layers D. Is a developmental stage consisting of a cell layer surrounding a fluid-filled space E. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about gastrulation is correct? A. During gastrulation, the contents of cell nuclei begin to vary so that they can start to perform different fucntions. B. During gastrulation, cells differentiate so that they can start to perform different functions. C. The formation of the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm occurs after gastrulation. D. The formation of the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm occurs before gastrulation.arrow_forwardthe ectoderm of a gastrula stage vertebrate embryo, what is the major function of BMP4? a). repress nervous system development b). repress skin development c). promote nervous system development d). promote the onset of gastrulation e). More than one of the above are correct. 2. Which is an essential characteristic of neural stem cells? a) The ability to differentiate into any type of cell b) The ability to dispense with bacteria, damaged neuron, or toxic proteins in the brain c) The ability to guide neurons to their final location d) The ability to suppress the activity of the immune system e) The ability to differentiate into any cell type found in the central nervous systemarrow_forward
- Which of the following defines fate? A. process of which a potency of a cell becomes identical. B. sum of all structures a determined cell's descendants will form at later stage of development. C. A variety of structures that the descendants of a cells can potentially form. D. a shift in the cortical cytoplasm of a zygote E. none of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is false? a. The endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm are germ layers. b. The trophoblast is a germ layer. c. The inner cell mass is a source of embryonic stem cells. d. The blastula is often a hollow ball of cells.arrow_forwardMatch the developmental genetics terms with their correct definition. a molecule that gives cells positional information according to its concentration. A. Morphogen B. the spatial arrangement of different regions of the body. body pattern C. the developmental phase during which germ layers become separated from each other. gastrulation D. one of three layers of cells that produce tissues and organs in either the inside, middle, or outside of the embryo. , germ layer how cells rearrange to adopt the three dimensional shape of an organ or tissue. E. the process by which cells adopt their final physiological state. F.arrow_forward
- During development, cells become a. differentiated before they become determined. b. determined before they become differentiated. c. determined by the loss of genetic material. d. differentiated by the loss of genetic material.arrow_forward--------------- A. Answer the following questions briefly (3-5 sentences only).1. How are the three axes for symmetry in the animal bodies established?2. Explain how the different germ layers give rise to different tissue types.3. Explain the role of axis formation in development B. write down the autapomorphic traits for the c3, c4, CAM plants and include their distinct environments Link: https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-ecology-of-photosynthetic-pathways-15785165/arrow_forwardA. CRANIAL (CEPHALIC) NEURAL CREST B. TRUNK NEURAL CREST C. VAGAL AND SACRAL NEURAL CREST Trace their differentiation pathways from the time the precursor cells break away from the neural tube. Make sure that this three (3) derivatives utilize different migratory pathways.arrow_forward
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