Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 47, Problem 17TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The rapid cell divisions of cleavage divide the egg cytoplasm into smaller cells called blastomeres. These first divisions generally give rise to a blastula. The blastula is a cluster of cells that surround a fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. In frogs, cleavage is affected by the distribution of yolk.
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If cells from the presumptive neural ectoderm of a frog gastrula are transplanted onto the surface of a second gastrula where skin would normally develop, the transplanted cells will still develop into tissues of the nervous system. This experiment shows that the transplanted cells areA. differentiated.B. totipotent.C. discontinuous.D. determined.E. endodermal.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. VegT and Veg1 induce both dorsal and ventral mesoderm.
b. Veg1 and VegT induce endoderm signals.
c. Beta-catenin must enter the nuclei of cells on the dorsal surface for frog development to progress normally.
d. Nodal is required to induce both the Organizer and ventral mesoderm.
Researchers searched for an activator of neural tissue formation. What is the real pathway for this developmental phenomenon?
a. Neural tissue formation occurs via BMP inhibition by proteins secreted from the organizer.
b. Noggin activates ectoderm to become neural tissue.
c. Nodal activation induces mesoderm to make neural tissue.
d. Beta-catenin is required for formation of neural tissue.
Chapter 47 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 47 - a. What assures that only a sperm of the correct...Ch. 47 - Prob. 2IQCh. 47 - Prob. 3IQCh. 47 - Prob. 4IQCh. 47 - Label the indicated structures in the following...Ch. 47 - Prob. 6IQCh. 47 - Prob. 7IQCh. 47 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 47 - Fill in the following table, briefly describing...Ch. 47 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 47 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 47 - The blastocoel a. develops into the archenteron or...Ch. 47 - In a frog embryo, gastrulation a. is slowed by the...Ch. 47 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 47 - To which portion of the developing embryo do cells...Ch. 47 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 47 - Use the following diagram of a chick embryo for...Ch. 47 - During gastrulation in the frog embryo, a new...Ch. 47 - Gastrulation and organogenesis in mammals most...Ch. 47 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 47 - Prob. 20TYK
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- Match the developmental genetics terms with their correct definition. a molecule that gives cells positional information according to its concentration. A. Morphogen B. the spatial arrangement of different regions of the body. body pattern C. the developmental phase during which germ layers become separated from each other. gastrulation D. one of three layers of cells that produce tissues and organs in either the inside, middle, or outside of the embryo. , germ layer how cells rearrange to adopt the three dimensional shape of an organ or tissue. E. the process by which cells adopt their final physiological state. F.arrow_forwardWhat are the correct pairings of developing and embryonic structures in the gastrulation of chickens? Multiple answers is possible. If no correct option is given write the proper pairings. a. Epiblast – ectoderm b. Secondary hypoblast – endoderm c. Primary hypoblast – endoderm d. Migrating cells - mesodermarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true about frogs eggs and blastula formation? Choose all possible answers a. denser yolk in the animal hemisphere. b. Cleavage is holoblastic c. first cleavage plane is meridional and bisects the gray crescent, revealing the existence of some factor(s) that determine(s) the initial orientation of the cleavage spindle. d. first furrow also marks the plane of bilateral symmetry in the body e. All four blastomeres differ in sizes. f. All of the following are true about eggs of frogs.arrow_forward
- What are the correct pairings of developing and embryonic structures in the gastrulation of chickens? a. Epiblast- ectoderm c. Primary hypoblast-endoderm Read the following statements CAREFULLY: I. II. III. IV. b. Secondary hypoblast - endoderm d. Migrating cells - mesoderm The germ band needs to retract for fruit fly segments to develop properly. The formation of the sea urchin archenteron is made possible by epithelial cells that underwent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Frog gastrulation involves the epiboly of endoderm cells. Chicken endoderm and mesoderm is formed through the migration of cells through both the anterior and posterior end of the primitive streak. a. All choices are true b. I & Il are true but IV is false d. IV is sometimes true c. Ill is falsearrow_forwardWhich statement is true of Spemann’s organizer?a. It is unique to amphibian embryos.b. It arises early in cleavage-stage embryos.c. It secretes morphogens, including the protein called noggin.d. It is found in the dorsal lip region of early gastrula-stageembryos.e. Both c and d are true of Spemann’s organizer.arrow_forwardthe ectoderm of a gastrula stage vertebrate embryo, what is the major function of BMP4? a). repress nervous system development b). repress skin development c). promote nervous system development d). promote the onset of gastrulation e). More than one of the above are correct. 2. Which is an essential characteristic of neural stem cells? a) The ability to differentiate into any type of cell b) The ability to dispense with bacteria, damaged neuron, or toxic proteins in the brain c) The ability to guide neurons to their final location d) The ability to suppress the activity of the immune system e) The ability to differentiate into any cell type found in the central nervous systemarrow_forward
- Observation of the development of embryos in sea stars shows the mesoderm forming pouches bulging from the archenteron to form the coelom. From this observation, you can predict that A. the cleavage of the embryo is radial. B. the adult animal will have bilateral symmetry. C. the mouth forms from the first opening in the gastrula. D. the animal is diploblastic.arrow_forwardObservations of the developing chick embryo reveal that skeletal muscles develop from the transplanted somites even though motor neurons innervating those muscles arise from chick neural crest cells. Based on these observations, what is MOST likely true? A. Neural crest cells differentiate into somites. B. Neural crest cells fuse with developing somite cells. C. Neural crest cells develop from migrating somite cells. D. Neural crest cells send projections into developing somites.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true about avian eggs? Choose all possible answers. a. exhibit holoblastic cleavage b. first cleavages are perpendicular to the plane of the blastodisc, and approximately at right angles to one another c. at the time of the fourth cleavage, a furrow running parallel to the circumference of the blastodisc separates central from peripheral forming blastomeres. d. portion of the undersurface of the blastoderm that is farthest from the source of gravity becomes the anterior end of the embryo. e. All of the following are true about eggs of frogs.arrow_forward
- The experiment in which a second Zone of Polarizing Activity (ZPA) was transplanted to the anterior edge of the wing bud demonstrated which important concept? Group of answer choices A. the importance of hox genes in setting up body axes B. the action of hox genes in setting up body regions C. the importance of hormones in providing positional information D. the importance of morphogens in providing positional information E. the importance of gastrulation in setting up the body planarrow_forwardIf you observed fruit flies with the following developmental abnormalities, would you guess that a mutation has occurred in a segmentation gene or a homeotic gene? Explain your guess. A. Three abdominal segments were missing. B. One abdominal segment had legs. C. A fly with the correct number of segments had two additional thoracic segments and two fewer abdominal segments.arrow_forwardStudy the sea star development slides, including early and late stages and identify the following stages and structures: zygote, two cell stage, morula (stage), blastula (stage), blastocoel (cavity), archenteron (cavity), ectoderm (layer), endoderm (layer), gastrula (stage). **See Table 52.1, Section 52.3 & 52.4 in textbook ** Why is it useful to study the development of sea stars (Echinodermata) when studying human development? What do the two have in common?arrow_forward
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Embryology | Fertilization, Cleavage, Blastulation; Author: Ninja Nerd;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-KF0rnhKTU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY