Concept explainers
To draw: An antigen-antibody complex.
Introduction: Immunity specifies the defense mechanisms carried out to protect the body from pathogens and other foreign substances that could harm the body by causing the disease or capable of altering the normal function of the system. There are two types of immunity, namely innate immunity (that is inherited from the parents) and acquired immunity (that is gained over lifetime).
To describe: The three ways in which antigen-antibody complexes affect the pathogens.
Introduction: Immunity specifies the defense mechanisms carried out to protect the body from pathogens and other foreign substances that could harm the body by causing the disease or capable of altering the normal function of the system. There are two types of immunity, namely innate immunity (that is inherited from the parents) and acquired immunity (that is gained over lifetime).
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Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
- Briefly describe three ways that antibody diversity is increased.arrow_forwardDraw a schematic diagram of a typical IgG molecule and label each of the following parts: H chains, L chains, intrachain disulfide bonds, hinge, Fab, Fc, and all the domains. Indicate which domains are involved in antigen binding.arrow_forwardDescribe the difference between (A) ‘naked antibodies’ and (B) conjugated antibodies in the context of using humanized monoclonal antibodies for tumor killing.arrow_forward
- Give typed full explanation Introduction of induction of specific protective antibodies in a susceptible person or animal or the production of cellular immunity in such person or animal.arrow_forwardDiscuss three differences between antigen and antibodies Explain the structure of the antibody molecule. Discuss the differences between humoral and cell mediated immunity in terms of chemicals and cells involved in each process as they tackle pathogens.arrow_forwardIdentify and compare the targets and the recognitionmechanisms used by T-cytotoxic cells and NK cells.arrow_forward
- Explain the clonal selection theory of antibody specificity and diversity.arrow_forwardDifferentiate among antibody classes using structuralcharacteristics, distribution patterns, and functional roles.arrow_forwardDescribe how using cells is an important link between the innate immunity and adaptive immunity is formed. Please explain and make some examples.arrow_forward
- Explain the multifaceted role of interferons as first responders to viral infection: Identify important target ISGs. Discuss the general mechanisms by which interferon induced genes block virus replication.arrow_forwardDescribe in chronological order the steps involved in the recruitment of neutrophils to infected tissue sites during an innate immune response. Use the following terms in your description: rolling adhesion, tight binding, extravasation, migration, inflammatory mediators, integrins, adhesion molecules, chemokines, selectins, sialyl-Lewisx, and basement membrane proteases.arrow_forwardDistinguish between the innate and adaptive immune systems in terms of cell types used, how they recognize pathogens, and how they protect animals from infection. Predict how perturbations in immune cells or immune responses influence innate immune system function. Predict how perturbations in immune cells or immune responses influence adaptive immune system function. Explain how traditional and mRNA vaccines work using the terms: antibody, antigen, B-cells, helper T-cells, plasma cells, and memory B-cells. Predict whether an infection or perturbations in B- and T- cell development might predispose someone to develop an autoimmune disease.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning