To determine: The effects of significant reduction of macrophages in the body.
Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively to protect the body and fight against the pathogens or foreign substances is called the immune system. Immune cells are the cells that actively participate in the defense mechanism initiated by the immune systems. One such major type of immune cells is lymphocytes.
To determine: Whether a significant decrease of macrophage or of memory B cells would have a greater effect on the immune system.
Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively to protect the body and fight against the pathogens or foreign substances is called the immune system. Immune cells are the cells that actively participate in the defense mechanism initiated by the immune systems. One such major type of immune cells is lymphocytes.
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- The role of the humoral immune response is to a. kill infected cellsb. fight pathogens found in body fluid c. prevent pathogens from entering the body d. initiate an inflammatory responsearrow_forwardIndicate whether the following questions are true (T) or false (F). a. Secondary immune responses take the same amount of time as primary immune responses to become effective. b. On secondary exposure to an infectious agent there is reduced mortality. c. Only immune responses made in mucosal secondary lymphoid tissues can provide protective immunity. d. If an individual acquires a second cold in the same season it will most probably be caused by a different type of cold virus. e. Plasma cells generated in a secondary immune response have longer life-spans than those made during a primary immune response. f. During a primary immune response, only memory B cells are generated.arrow_forwardThe role of antibodies in the human body is to A stimulate pathogen reproduction to produce additional white blood cells B increase the production of guard cells to defend against pathogens C promote the production of antigens to stimulate an immune response D recognize foreign antigens and mark them for destructionarrow_forward
- In an immune response, what is the main function of the circulatory system? to produce inflammation and activate B cells to send chemical signals and transport immune cells to stimulate infected cells and release interferons to trap pathogens and attract phagocytesarrow_forwardVaccines are given to provide protection against pathogen causing infections. Which of the following statements best describes how vaccines work? a Fever and swelling develop which is the first response in killing a pathogen b. Antibodies in the vaccine provide the body with nonspecific immunity to an antigen. c. An inactivated or killed virus stimulates the body to develop specific immunity to that type of virus. d. Heathy bacteria causes the body to release toxins which will protect the body if later exposed to different type of bacteria.arrow_forwardIn innate immunity: A. the immunity to a substance is produced only after exposure to that substance and each time the body is exposed to a particular substance, the response is the same. B. immunity to a substance is produced only after exposure to that substance. C. each time the body is exposed to a particular substance, the response is the same. D. the ability to recognize and remember a particular substance is important. Which of the following statements regarding the lymphatic system is not true? A. Lymph originates from excess cellular fluid B. Lymph nodes trap bacteria C. Swelling of the lymph nodes indicates dysfunction of the lymphatic system D. Swelling of the lymph nodes indicates proper functioning of the lymphatic systemarrow_forward
- Answer the following related to the topic of immune defense: a) Sometimes the body can attack its own tissue as if it was foreign. We call these disorders autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks its own myelin. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the lining of the joints. How do you think each of these diseases would impact the function in the human body? b) What role do other human body systems, such as the digestive system, the integumentary system, and the respiratory system play in protection? Provide an example for each system that demonstrates how a feature, substance, or action of that system helps keep you well.arrow_forwardThe role of antibodies in the human body is to A stimulate pathogen reproduction to produce additional white blood cells increase the production of guard cells to defend against pathogens (C) promote the production of antigens to stimulate an immune response D recognize foreign antigens and mark them for destructionarrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. Which of the following examples below describes an autoimmune disease? a. Infection and death of T helper cells by a virus, resulting in a loss of adaptive immunity b. Release of bacterial endotoxins that block acetylcholine release result in muscle paralysis. c. Antibody binding to acetylcholine receptors of the motor end plate resulting in muscle weakness. d. Uncontrolled cell division resulting in cell surface abnormalities recognized by NK cells.arrow_forward
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