Innate immune responses include all but (a) inflammation (b) antigen-antibody complexes (c) binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors (d) complement (e) phagocytosis

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 45, Problem 1TYU

Innate immune responses include all but (a) inflammation (b) antigen-antibody complexes (c) binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors (d) complement (e) phagocytosis

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively for the protection of the body and fight against the pathogens or foreign substances is known as the immune system. The immune system is made up of several components such as immune cells, tissues, organs, and chemical mediators that destroy and eliminate foreign substances from the body.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

The antigen-antibody complex is formed when antibodies (Y-shaped structure) combine with two molecules of antigens on its surface. These complexes directly promote or destroy the pathogens. The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity (inborn). Adaptive immunity or acquired immunity is the type of immunity that is gained by the body over the lifetime by encountering and learning how to target and destroy specific pathogens that invade the body.

Option (b) is given as “antigen-antibody complexes”.

The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as “inflammation”.

Inflammation is an early defense process by which the body responds to an injury or infection. The innate immune response includes inflammation.

Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as “binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors”.

The antigens, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as “complement”.

Complements are the cluster of inactivated signaling proteins that stimulate (when get activated) the release of other chemical mediators to promote inflammation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. The innate immune response includes complement proteins.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as “phagocytosis”.

Phagocytosis is a process in which phagocytes are involved in engulfing, destroying, and removing pathogenic microorganisms and foreign debris from the body. The innate immune response includes phagocytosis.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes. Antigen-antibody complexes belong to acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is acquired over a lifetime. It is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific.

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Students have asked these similar questions

The classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses? C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure. Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure. C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface. C1q directly induces inflammation, recruiting phagocytes and antibodies from the blood into the infected tissue. C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.

What is the relationship and differences between receptor-mediated endocytosis and TLR in relation to innate immunity?

What is innate immunity? List the four types of barriers which protect the body from the entry of the foreign agents.

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 45, Problem 1TYU

Innate immune responses include all but (a) inflammation (b) antigen-antibody complexes (c) binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors (d) complement (e) phagocytosis

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively for the protection of the body and fight against the pathogens or foreign substances is known as the immune system. The immune system is made up of several components such as immune cells, tissues, organs, and chemical mediators that destroy and eliminate foreign substances from the body.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

The antigen-antibody complex is formed when antibodies (Y-shaped structure) combine with two molecules of antigens on its surface. These complexes directly promote or destroy the pathogens. The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity (inborn). Adaptive immunity or acquired immunity is the type of immunity that is gained by the body over the lifetime by encountering and learning how to target and destroy specific pathogens that invade the body.

Option (b) is given as “antigen-antibody complexes”.

The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as “inflammation”.

Inflammation is an early defense process by which the body responds to an injury or infection. The innate immune response includes inflammation.

Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as “binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors”.

The antigens, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as “complement”.

Complements are the cluster of inactivated signaling proteins that stimulate (when get activated) the release of other chemical mediators to promote inflammation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. The innate immune response includes complement proteins.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as “phagocytosis”.

Phagocytosis is a process in which phagocytes are involved in engulfing, destroying, and removing pathogenic microorganisms and foreign debris from the body. The innate immune response includes phagocytosis.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes. Antigen-antibody complexes belong to acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is acquired over a lifetime. It is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 45, Problem 1TYU

Innate immune responses include all but (a) inflammation (b) antigen-antibody complexes (c) binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors (d) complement (e) phagocytosis

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively for the protection of the body and fight against the pathogens or foreign substances is known as the immune system. The immune system is made up of several components such as immune cells, tissues, organs, and chemical mediators that destroy and eliminate foreign substances from the body.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

The antigen-antibody complex is formed when antibodies (Y-shaped structure) combine with two molecules of antigens on its surface. These complexes directly promote or destroy the pathogens. The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity (inborn). Adaptive immunity or acquired immunity is the type of immunity that is gained by the body over the lifetime by encountering and learning how to target and destroy specific pathogens that invade the body.

Option (b) is given as “antigen-antibody complexes”.

The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as “inflammation”.

Inflammation is an early defense process by which the body responds to an injury or infection. The innate immune response includes inflammation.

Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as “binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors”.

The antigens, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as “complement”.

Complements are the cluster of inactivated signaling proteins that stimulate (when get activated) the release of other chemical mediators to promote inflammation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. The innate immune response includes complement proteins.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as “phagocytosis”.

Phagocytosis is a process in which phagocytes are involved in engulfing, destroying, and removing pathogenic microorganisms and foreign debris from the body. The innate immune response includes phagocytosis.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes. Antigen-antibody complexes belong to acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is acquired over a lifetime. It is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 45, Problem 1TYU

Innate immune responses include all but (a) inflammation (b) antigen-antibody complexes (c) binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors (d) complement (e) phagocytosis

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively for the protection of the body and fight against the pathogens or foreign substances is known as the immune system. The immune system is made up of several components such as immune cells, tissues, organs, and chemical mediators that destroy and eliminate foreign substances from the body.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

The antigen-antibody complex is formed when antibodies (Y-shaped structure) combine with two molecules of antigens on its surface. These complexes directly promote or destroy the pathogens. The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity (inborn). Adaptive immunity or acquired immunity is the type of immunity that is gained by the body over the lifetime by encountering and learning how to target and destroy specific pathogens that invade the body.

Option (b) is given as “antigen-antibody complexes”.

The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as “inflammation”.

Inflammation is an early defense process by which the body responds to an injury or infection. The innate immune response includes inflammation.

Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as “binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors”.

The antigens, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as “complement”.

Complements are the cluster of inactivated signaling proteins that stimulate (when get activated) the release of other chemical mediators to promote inflammation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. The innate immune response includes complement proteins.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as “phagocytosis”.

Phagocytosis is a process in which phagocytes are involved in engulfing, destroying, and removing pathogenic microorganisms and foreign debris from the body. The innate immune response includes phagocytosis.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes. Antigen-antibody complexes belong to acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is acquired over a lifetime. It is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively for the protection of the body and fight against the pathogens or foreign substances is known as the immune system. The immune system is made up of several components such as immune cells, tissues, organs, and chemical mediators that destroy and eliminate foreign substances from the body.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

The antigen-antibody complex is formed when antibodies (Y-shaped structure) combine with two molecules of antigens on its surface. These complexes directly promote or destroy the pathogens. The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity (inborn). Adaptive immunity or acquired immunity is the type of immunity that is gained by the body over the lifetime by encountering and learning how to target and destroy specific pathogens that invade the body.

Option (b) is given as “antigen-antibody complexes”.

The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as “inflammation”.

Inflammation is an early defense process by which the body responds to an injury or infection. The innate immune response includes inflammation.

Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as “binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors”.

The antigens, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as “complement”.

Complements are the cluster of inactivated signaling proteins that stimulate (when get activated) the release of other chemical mediators to promote inflammation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. The innate immune response includes complement proteins.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as “phagocytosis”.

Phagocytosis is a process in which phagocytes are involved in engulfing, destroying, and removing pathogenic microorganisms and foreign debris from the body. The innate immune response includes phagocytosis.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes. Antigen-antibody complexes belong to acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is acquired over a lifetime. It is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively for the protection of the body and fight against the pathogens or foreign substances is known as the immune system. The immune system is made up of several components such as immune cells, tissues, organs, and chemical mediators that destroy and eliminate foreign substances from the body.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

The antigen-antibody complex is formed when antibodies (Y-shaped structure) combine with two molecules of antigens on its surface. These complexes directly promote or destroy the pathogens. The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity (inborn). Adaptive immunity or acquired immunity is the type of immunity that is gained by the body over the lifetime by encountering and learning how to target and destroy specific pathogens that invade the body.

Option (b) is given as “antigen-antibody complexes”.

The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as “inflammation”.

Inflammation is an early defense process by which the body responds to an injury or infection. The innate immune response includes inflammation.

Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as “binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors”.

The antigens, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as “complement”.

Complements are the cluster of inactivated signaling proteins that stimulate (when get activated) the release of other chemical mediators to promote inflammation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. The innate immune response includes complement proteins.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as “phagocytosis”.

Phagocytosis is a process in which phagocytes are involved in engulfing, destroying, and removing pathogenic microorganisms and foreign debris from the body. The innate immune response includes phagocytosis.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes. Antigen-antibody complexes belong to acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is acquired over a lifetime. It is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively for the protection of the body and fight against the pathogens or foreign substances is known as the immune system. The immune system is made up of several components such as immune cells, tissues, organs, and chemical mediators that destroy and eliminate foreign substances from the body.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

The antigen-antibody complex is formed when antibodies (Y-shaped structure) combine with two molecules of antigens on its surface. These complexes directly promote or destroy the pathogens. The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity (inborn). Adaptive immunity or acquired immunity is the type of immunity that is gained by the body over the lifetime by encountering and learning how to target and destroy specific pathogens that invade the body.

Option (b) is given as “antigen-antibody complexes”.

The process of formation of the antigen-antibody complex is a part of adaptive immunity, not innate immunity.

Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

Reasons for the incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as “inflammation”.

Inflammation is an early defense process by which the body responds to an injury or infection. The innate immune response includes inflammation.

Hence, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as “binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors”.

The antigens, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity.

Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as “complement”.

Complements are the cluster of inactivated signaling proteins that stimulate (when get activated) the release of other chemical mediators to promote inflammation, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. The innate immune response includes complement proteins.

Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as “phagocytosis”.

Phagocytosis is a process in which phagocytes are involved in engulfing, destroying, and removing pathogenic microorganisms and foreign debris from the body. The innate immune response includes phagocytosis.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence, the options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Answer 14

Conclusion

Innate immune responses do not include antigen-antibody complexes. Antigen-antibody complexes belong to acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is acquired over a lifetime. It is antigen-dependent and antigen-specific.

Answer 15

Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1LO Ch. 45.1 - Compare, in general terms, the immune responses...Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1C Ch. 45.1 - In general, how are vertebrate immune responses...Ch. 45.2 - Describe innate immune responses, including...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1C Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 2C Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 3C Ch. 45.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram illustrating the main...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 4LO

Innate immune responses include all but (a) inflammation (b) antigen-antibody complexes (c) binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors (d) complement (e) phagocytosis

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Answer to Problem 1TYU

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