Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 41.3, Problem 1CYL
Summary Introduction
To describe:
The hydrostatic skeletons, exoskeletons, and endoskeletons, and explain the movement of these skeletons by antagonistic muscles.
Introduction:
The skeletal muscles are those muscles that connect either to the skin or the skeleton or to the organs. These muscles help in movement of the skeletal system. It also helps in maintaining the body posture.
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Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.1 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 41.1 - White meat or dark? It seems almost everyone has a...Ch. 41.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 41.1 - explain how the nervous system causes contraction...Ch. 41.2 - describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 41.2 - compare cardiac and smooth muscle to skeletal...
Ch. 41.3 - Why are thick, armor like exoskeletons found...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 3TCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CTCh. 41.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 41.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 41.3 - list and describe the functions of the different...Ch. 41.3 - explain how a bone fracture is repaired and how...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 5CYLCh. 41 - Prob. 1MCCh. 41 - Prob. 2MCCh. 41 - Prob. 3MCCh. 41 - Prob. 4MCCh. 41 - Prob. 5MCCh. 41 - The three types of skeletal systems found in...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 41 - A skeletal muscle cells is called a(n)__________....Ch. 41 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 41 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 41 - Sketch a relaxed muscle fiber containing a...Ch. 41 - Describe the process of skeletal muscle...Ch. 41 - Explain the following two statements: Muscles can...Ch. 41 - What are the three types of skeletons found in...Ch. 41 - Compare the structures of the following pairs:...Ch. 41 - Explain the functions of osteoblasts and...Ch. 41 - Describe a hinge joint and how it is moved by...Ch. 41 - Discuss some of the problems that would result. If...Ch. 41 - Prob. 2AC
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- During evolution, skeletal muscle became adapted to functional de-mands ranging from sudden, withdrawal movements of a startled worm, to the sustained contractions required to maintain mammalian posture, to supporting a long, fast chase across an African savanna. What are some of the fiber types in vertebrate muscle that evolved to support these kinds of activities?arrow_forwardDistinguish between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle in terms of location and whether they have sarcomeres. Use the sliding filament model to draw how thin filaments, thick filaments, and Z lines move during muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of acetylcholine release, reception, or breakdown will influence muscle contraction. Predict how perturbations of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, myosin, or calcium would influence muscle contraction. Distinguish between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Predict how changes in stress levels or situations would affect activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and blood pressure.arrow_forwardDescribe the structures listed below: (Fig 12.3, 12.4) Muscle fiber: a muscle cell; Myofibril Thick filaments Thin filaments Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Transverse tubules (T-tubules)arrow_forward
- Why do you think the hydrostatic skeleton is eventually lost in animals withexoskeleton and endoskeleton? Give at least two examples.arrow_forwardDuring the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber,calcium ions(A) break cross-bridges as a cofactor in hydrolysis of ATP.(B) bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosinbinding sites on actin are exposed.(C) transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to themuscle fiber.(D) spread action potentials through the T tubules.arrow_forwardExplain how an endoskeleton differs from an exoskeleton.arrow_forward
- Outline the role of calcium ions on muscle contraction during a biceps curl. In your answer: A) Describe the role of the nervous system in stimulating the release of calcium ions. b) Outline the role calcium ions play in the 'sliding filament theory?'arrow_forwardTwo insects find themselves in the unfortunate position where they need to defend themselves against each other (there is no possibility of running away). How will their exoskeletons be advantageous to them in this case?arrow_forwardIn a general sense, how do skeletal muscles produce movement?arrow_forward
- How do actin and myosin interact in a sarcomere to bring about muscle contraction? What roles do ATP and calcium play?arrow_forwardPick the right order for muscle contraction a) ATP attaches to myosin, muscle cell uses calcium, action potential spreads b) Calcium release, binding sites on actin are exposedmyosin binds to actin c) Myosin binds to actin, myosin uses calcium, cell gets shorter d) Action potential is received , cell gets shorter, myosin grabs actinarrow_forwardWould you expect jaguars, cheetahs, and other great cats to have mostly slow-twitch, nonfatiguing muscles in their legs or mostly fast-twitch, quickly fatiguing muscles? What kinds of animals might have mostly the opposite kind of muscles?arrow_forward
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